Transthoracic Echocardiography Guided Procedures in the Catheterization Laboratory

Effect of Alcohol‐Induced Septal Ablation on Left Atrial Volume and Ejection Fraction Assessed by Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

“…A Luge wire (Boston Scientific/Scimed, Inc., Maple Grove, MN, USA) was used to cannulate a septal perforator branch of the left anterior descending artery. A Sprinter 1.5–3.0 mm × 6 mm balloon (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was inflated in the septal artery and contrast material injected to visualize the proximal hypertrophied septum with TTE 7 . Absolute alcohol was then injected into the septal branch through the balloon catheter with the balloon in the inflated position to minimize leakage into the main artery.…”

Using echocardiography to guide interventional procedures

“…To improve the results, myocardial contrast echocardiography during this procedure has become standard in target vessel selection and in examining the morphology of the left ventricular outfl ow tract and mitral valve [ 36 ]. Some studies have shown that up to 11% of the patients must change the target vessel because of contrast-induced echo enhancement at a site remote from the septal target region [ 37 ].…”

“…Thus, the risk of complications such as right ventricular perforation and cardiac tamponade is lower and the procedure could be realized without radiation exposure. Moreover, echocardiography enables biopsy at the bedside or in the intensive care unit if fl uoroscopy is not available [ 36 ].…”

The role of echocardiography in the evaluation and management of aortic stenosis in the older adult

“…More precise localization of the prosthetic valve for final deployment and release can be done using 3D echocardiography. While transesophageal echocardiography is routinely used during open heart surgeries, transthoracic echocardiography is more versatile and has a long history of guiding percutaneous procedures in the catheterization laboratory [76]. Whether 3DTTE or 3DTEE will ultimately be used in guiding percutaneous AVR is not clear, both are more suited than 2D echocardiography for interrogating the prosthetic valve in the immediate post-deployment period for the assessment of paravalvular aortic regurgitation and deciding whether further balloon dilatations should be performed before the patient leaves the intervention suite (Fig.…”