Transthyretin Is a Key Regulator of Myoblast Differentiation

Abstract

Transthyretin (TTR) is a known carrier protein for thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein in the blood that is primarily synthesized in the liver and choroid plexus of the brain. Herein, we report that the TTR gene is expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and up-regulated during myotube formation in C2C12 cells. TTR silencing (TTRkd) significantly reduced myogenin expression and myotube formation, whereas myogenin silencing (MYOGkd) did not have any effect on TTR gene expression. Both TTRkd and MYOGkd led to a decrease in calcium channel related genes including Cav1.1, STIM1 and Orai1. A significant decrease in intracellular T4 uptake during myogenesis was observed in TTRkd cells. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that TTR initiates myoblast differentiation via affecting expression of the genes involved during early stage of myogenesis and the genes related to calcium channel.

Transthyretin Maintains Muscle Homeostasis through the Novel Shuttle Pathway of Thyroid Hormones during Myoblast Differentiation

“…Although the importance of TH signaling in muscle physiology has been documented for several years, its precise mechanism in skeletal muscle during postnatal myogenesis remains unclear. Initially, we demonstrated the role of TTR in sustaining the cellular T 4 level during myoblast proliferation and differentiation [6,29]. In this study, we give the first direct evidence of TTR secretion and uptake in C2C12 mouse myoblast cells.…”

Fibromodulin: a master regulator of myostatin controlling progression of satellite cells through a myogenic program

“…The mechanisms underlying processes that regulate skeletal muscle specification and formation are of considerable research interest in the context of muscle plasticity (37, 38). Initially, we used high‐throughput techniques such as microarray, expressed sequence tag, and RNA‐seq analysis to identify the genes involved and investigated the multipotential capacity of MSCs to differentiate and transdifferentiate into myogenic and adipogenic cells (39–41). During our study, several genes were found to be variously expressed during differentiation and transdifferentiation.…”

Expressional studies of the aldehyde oxidase (AOX1) gene during myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells

“…The fusion index was calculated as previously described by Lee et al [16]. Briefly, C2C12 cells grown to 70% confluence were switched to differentiation media and incubated for 5 days.…”