Transverse doppler spectral analysis for a correct interpretation of flow sonograms

Tortoli, Piero; Guidi, Gabriele; Pignoli, P

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(93)90003-7

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When the Multigate QDP line of sight was perpendicular to the flow, the QDP signal gave evidence to the expected "mirror effect" [10]. Enhancing the angle of incidence, the spectral power was moved toward the positive frequencies (see Image 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multigate Quality Doppler Profiles Technology in Vascular, Obstetrics and Cardiology Applications

Forzoni

Righi

Ciuti

et al. 2012

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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Multigate Quality Doppler Profiles (QDP) is a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) -based Doppler technology recently integrated within a commercial ultrasound scanner. QDP represents a novel analysis tool, which is able to simultaneously detect and show the velocity components, present in the blood flow of multiple vessels, without any frame rate reduction. QDP can be used in conjunction with the DIR algorithm to enhance the visibility of the flow direction information. The present work describes the use of QDP in Cardiology (Pediatric and Adult), Vascular (cervical venous and arterial system) and Obstetrics (uterine arteries). In vivo and in vitro tests are reported, showing the QDP behavior with respect to insonation angle changes and its advantages with respect to classic Doppler technologies. The QDP is demonstrated to be a precise positioning tool for the Pulsed Wave Doppler (PW) sample volume (SV) and a qualitative direct real time indicator of blood flow variations. It is also shown ideal for the study of turbulent flow, for minor reflux detection and for easier sampling of the blood flow signal within the examined vessel (or vessels) in case of movements. IntroductionQDP is a technique processing the echo signals backscattered from multiple depths along the ultrasound beam to produce and display the spectral profiles in real-time. MethodsThe QDP technology, developed by the Microelectronics Systems Design Laboratory of the University of Firenze (Italy), was integrated in a commercial diagnostic ultrasound scanner (MyLab30Gold, Esaote S.p.A., Italy). The QDP tool was made available with all US probes compatible with the PW modality. In particular, the probes used for the present work where: a phased array probe with frequency range 1-4 MHz (PA240, Esaote, Imaging frequencies: 2.0-2.5-3.5 MHz; Doppler frequencies: 2.0-2.5 MHz); a linear array probe with frequency range 3-11 MHz (LA332, Esaote, Imaging frequencies: 3.5-5.0-6.6-10.0 MHz; Doppler frequencies: 3.3-5.0 MHz) and a convex array probe with frequency range 1-8 MHz (CA631, Esaote, Imaging frequencies: 2.5-3.5-5.0-6.6 MHz; Doppler frequencies: 2.5-3.3 MHz). QDP is a Multigate Spectral Doppler technology that processes the echo signals backscattered from multiple depths along the US beam, producing and displaying in real-time the so-called spectral profile [6]. This is a matrix of power spectral densities corresponding to the simultaneously investigated depths. The spectral profile is obtained by calculating, through the classic Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, the Doppler spectrum of the echo samples gathered from one depth and by repeating the procedure over 128 or 256 consecutive depths (covering a total length up to 9 cm). The QDP approach extends the known benefits of spectral analysis [7] to a large depth range without sacrificing the axial resolution. QDP technology investigates the "third dimension of Doppler" in graphical form, where spatial distribution is on the vertical axis and velocity on the horizontal one, while the brightness...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multigate Quality Doppler Profiles Technology in Vascular, Obstetrics and Cardiology Applications

Forzoni

Righi

Ciuti

et al. 2012

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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“…Here, the flow direction is identified by transversely orienting a reference beam. This condition is recognized by exploiting a unique signature of ''transverse'' Doppler spectra, i.e., the symmetry around zero frequency (Newhouse et al 1987;Tortoli et al 1993). Once the reference beam has been finely oriented, a second (measuring) beam can be used to directly estimate the true flow velocity at known beamflow angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automatic Angle Tracking Procedure for Feasible Vector Doppler Blood Velocity Measurements

Tortoli¹,

Dallai²,

Boni³

et al. 2010

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…The M-line was placed in the center of the lumen. The orthogonality between the arterial axis and the US beam was assessed by checking the symmetry of the spectral profile around zero frequency [6]. Fourteen data sets, each including at least 3 cardiac cycles, were collected in a short time for each subject, holding back the probe and readjusting the M -Line position between two consecutive measures.…”

Section: Figure 4: Top) Superimposed Subsequent Cycles Of the Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper describes a n integrated US system and its application to real-time detection of both the flow velocity profile and the wall movements in human elastic arteries. This system has been so far demonstrated capable of providing an accurate estimation of spectral Doppler components within human arteries (spectral profiles) [6]. Here, the extension of its processing capability to real-time estimation of arterial distension is described.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M-line processing for real-time investigation of large artery mechanics

Morganti

Ricci

Guidi

et al.

IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics, 2003

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This paper describes the application of an integrated ultrasound (US) system to real-time detection of both blood velocity profile and wall displacements in human arteries. The system simultaneously processes the echo-signals generated from the walls as well as from red blood cells. Wall velocity is detected through the modified autocorrelation algorithm, while the blood velocity profile is obtained through spectral analysis. The system was preliminarily tested in the common carotid arteries of a small group of volunteers. In each case, blood flow behavior was first checked by detecting the velocity profile inside the vessel. The most appropriate transducer position for vessel wall interrogation was rapidly found by observing in realtime both the velocity profile and the displacements of anterior and posterior walls, which are automatically tracked by the system. The diameter distension was measured in 24 subjects (15 normal volunteers and 9 patients with major risk factors for atherosclerosis). The average distension turned out to be in the range 0.11-1.02 mm, with a typical standard deviation within measurement epochs of 26 µm.

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Transverse doppler spectral analysis for a correct interpretation of flow sonograms

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Multigate Quality Doppler Profiles Technology in Vascular, Obstetrics and Cardiology Applications

Multigate Quality Doppler Profiles Technology in Vascular, Obstetrics and Cardiology Applications

An Automatic Angle Tracking Procedure for Feasible Vector Doppler Blood Velocity Measurements

M-line processing for real-time investigation of large artery mechanics

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