Trap-controlled hopping transport

Pai, D. M.; Yanus, J. F.; Štolka, M.

doi:10.1021/j150664a054

Cited by 233 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, PVK and its derivatives have several disadvantages that limit their applicability in PLEDs. Charge transport is dominated by holes 21 , and the LEPs are unstable and have a very 'deep' HOMO that makes efficient charge injection difficult.…”

Section: Phosphorescent Polymer Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency polymer LEDs : triplets and novel devices

et al. 2004

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We present results and a discussion of highly efficient polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (polymer LEDs, PLEDs). The external quantum efficiency in current standard devices reaches up to 2-4% only. We have explored two routes to enhance this value. In the first route, PEDOT/PSS is replaced with a novel anode or hole injection layer. The efficiency with some Light Emitting Polymers (LEP) is improved significantly, resulting in an efficacy of 35 cd/A for a yellow emitting poly-(para-phenylene-vinylene) and 20 cd/A for a blue emitting poly-(spirobifluorene). We attribute the major improvement compared to standard devices, where about 10 and 5 cd/A are obtained, respectively, to a combination of improved exciton formation efficiency and light out-coupling efficiency, and to less quenching of the radiative decay under actual device operating conditions. In the second route, we developed a new host polymer with high triplet energy such that transition metal-based green-emitting phosphorescent dyes can be used without significant back transfer of triplet excitons to the polymer host. First results using this system showed about 25 cd/A using a soluble green Ir-based emitter. Importantly, all data are obtained in a standard two-layer device of a hole transport/injection layer and the LEP.

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Section: Phosphorescent Polymer Ledsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency polymer LEDs : triplets and novel devices

et al. 2004

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“…The conductivity is then due to the hopping of the small remaining fraction of electrons in "transport states." [12][13][14] Conventionally, the mobility of these electrons is assumed either to be constant or to be field dependent as described by a PooleFrenkel factor. 8,9,15 Recently, Mandoc et al investigated the effect of the detailed shape of the density of transport states on the temperature dependence of electron transport in devices based on PPV-derivatives and showed that a more proper description of the experimental data is obtained when assuming an exponential density of trap states and a Gaussian density of transport states.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron transport in polyfluorene-based sandwich-type devices: Quantitative analysis of the effects of disorder and electron traps

et al. 2009

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“…This behavior has been observed in the case of PVK doped with TPD. 13 In this study we have used DEH instead of TPD, because it has a lower ionization potential 14 and it is therefore expected to show a more pronounced effect.…”

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confidence: 99%