Trapping region of impinging jets in a cross‐shaped channel

Zhang, Jingwei; Yao, Tian-Liang; Li, Weifeng; Hassan, Mouhammad El; Xu, Xinlei; Liu, Haifeng; Wang, Fuchen

doi:10.1002/aic.16822

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It can be seen in Figure A (2–3), that, with the further increase in Re , an anticlockwise spiral vortex developed beyond Re c , and the spiral expanded both vertically and horizontally. The vortex pattern and Re c onset for the crossover agree very well with previous studies, in which the spiral vortex was measured at the mm scale. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vortex pattern and Re c onset for the crossover agree very well with previous studies, in which the spiral vortex was measured at the mm scale. 31,40,41 To gain deeper insights, we also performed numerical analysis, using OpenFOAM 42 (see Materials and Methods for numerical computation details). Each experimental crossjunction case (Figure 2A) was solved as an incompressible fluid, and analyzed with respect to the presence of both steadystate and transient flows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracellular Nanomaterial Delivery via Spiral Hydroporation

et al. 2020

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In recent nanobiotechnology developments, a wide variety of functional nanomaterials and engineered biomolecules have been created, and these have numerous applications in cell biology. For these nanomaterials to fulfill their promises completely, they must be able to reach their biological targets at the subcellular level and with a high level of specificity. Traditionally, either nanocarrier- or membrane disruption-based method has been used to deliver nanomaterials inside cells; however, these methods are suboptimal due to their toxicity, inconsistent delivery, and low throughput, and they are also labor intensive and time-consuming, highlighting the need for development of a next-generation, intracellular delivery system. This study reports on the development of an intracellular nanomaterial delivery platform, based on unexpected cell-deformation phenomena via spiral vortex and vortex breakdown exerted in the cross- and T-junctions at moderate Reynolds numbers. These vortex-induced cell deformation and sequential restoration processes open cell membranes transiently, allowing effective and robust intracellular delivery of nanomaterials in a single step without the aid of carriers or external apparatus. By using the platform described here (termed spiral hydroporator), we demonstrate the delivery of different nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles (200 nm diameter), functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (150 nm diameter), dextran (hydrodynamic diameters between 2–55 nm), and mRNA, into different cell types. We demonstrate here that the system is highly efficient (up to 96.5%) with high throughput (up to 1 × 106 cells/min) and rapid delivery (∼1 min) while maintaining high levels of cell viability (up to 94%).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Nanomaterial Delivery via Spiral Hydroporation

et al. 2020

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“…In this paper, we have studied numerically the flow structure and the instabilities creating axial vortices in X-junctions of perpendicular channels of rectangular cross sections with aspect ratios AR. Previous works had only dealt either with low values of AR (one vortex) 23,26,49 or large ones (many vortices) 53 . The present study has been focused, instead, on a transition range: 1 < AR < 11 for which 1 to 4 vortices are observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitatively, we observed one single vortex for AR 3.8, in agreement with Refs. 23,49 , two vortices for 3.8 AR 8.5 and three for 8.5…”

Section: A Dns Investigation Of the Flow Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aspect ratio on vortex formation in X-junctions: Direct numerical simulations and eigenmode decomposition

et al. 2020

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We study numerically the appearance and number of axial vortices in the outlets of X-shaped junctions of two perpendicular channels of rectangular sections with facing inlets. We explore the effect of the aspect ratio of the cross section, AR, on the number of vortices created at the center of the junction. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) performed for different values of the Reynolds number Re and AR demonstrate that vortices with their axis parallel to the outlets, referred to as axial vortices, appear above critical Reynolds numbers Rec. As AR increases from 1 to 11, the number of vortices observed increases from 1 to 4, independently of Re. For AR = 1, the single axial vortex induces an interpenetration of the inlet fluids in the whole section; instead, for larger AR’s for which more vortices appear, the two inlet fluids remain largely segregated in bands, except close to the vortices. The linear stability analysis demonstrates that only one leading eigenmode is unstable for a given set of values of AR and Re. This mode provides a simplified model of the flow field, reproducing its key features such as the number of vortices and their distance. Its determination with this method requires a much smaller computational load than the DNS. This approach is shown to allow one to determine quickly and precisely the critical Reynolds number Rec and the sensitivity function S, which characterizes the influence of variations of the base flow on the unstable one.

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“…Thus, it is important to characterize the flow regimes for different geometries, as it has been done in the literature (see for instance the following review papers: Refs. 1, 3-5); among promising recent configurations we mention passive cross-shaped mixers [6][7][8] . A wide class of mixers are T-mixers; these are characterized by two inlet channels and an outflow one arranged in a T-shaped configuration and are among the most studied mixer configurations in the literature (see for instance Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the symmetry-breaking instability in a T-mixer with circular cross section

2020

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This paper investigates the laminar flow inside a T-mixer composed of three pipes with a circular cross section. The flow enters the mixer symmetrically from the two aligned pipes and leaves the device from the third pipe. In similar devices, but involving rectangular channels instead of pipes, an important regime for mixing has been identified, denoted as engulfment. Despite the symmetries of the flow and of the geometry, engulfment is an asymmetric steady regime, which is observed above a critical value (Rec) of the flow Reynolds number. Conversely, for Reynolds numbers lower than Rec, the flow regime is steady and symmetric, and it is usually denoted as the vortex regime. In this paper, both the vortex and the engulfment regimes are identified for the considered geometry, and they are characterized in detail by dedicated direct numerical simulations (DNSs). Despite an apparent similitude with the behavior of T-mixers employing rectangular channels, which are the most investigated T-mixers in the literature, substantial differences are observed and highlighted here concerning both regimes, i.e., the vortex and the engulfment ones, and concerning transition between the two. Global stability analysis is finally used in synergy with DNS to investigate the onset of the engulfment regime, which is shown to be related to a symmetry-breaking bifurcation of the vortex regime.

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Trapping region of impinging jets in a cross‐shaped channel

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Intracellular Nanomaterial Delivery via Spiral Hydroporation

Intracellular Nanomaterial Delivery via Spiral Hydroporation

Influence of aspect ratio on vortex formation in X-junctions: Direct numerical simulations and eigenmode decomposition

Investigation of the symmetry-breaking instability in a T-mixer with circular cross section

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