Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Rural Primary Care Population in South Africa

Peltzer, Karl; SEAKAMELA, M. J.; Manganye, Leslie; Mamiane, K. G.; Motsei, Mmatshilo; Mathebula, Themba

doi:10.2466/pr0.100.4.1115-1120

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, Kessler et al in the US National Comorbidity Survey reported rates of between 51 and 61% for traumatic events, while Rosenman in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing reported that 57% of the population had experienced a traumatic event (28,29). The few available studies (mostly conducted among adolescent populations) on community prevalence of traumatic events in Africa demonstrate a higher prevalence rate ranging from 67 to 98% (31)(32)(33). These observations suggest that strict comparisons of rates between countries should be interpreted with caution, as not only are estimates affected by ascertainment procedure but also by when the estimates are made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic events and suicidal behaviour in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well‐Being

Uwakwe

Oladeji

Gureje

2012

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic events and suicidal behaviour in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well‐Being

Uwakwe

Oladeji

Gureje

2012

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…It is important to note that our measure of PTSD is not diagnostic, and symptoms were not assessed specifically for a given trauma; therefore, the proportion meeting screening criteria for PTSD may overstate the true sample prevalence. Nevertheless, data from clinic-based studies in South Africa have reported similarly high rates of PTSD, ranging from 12% to 20% (Carey et al, 2003;Peltzer et al, 2007). For comparison, the prevalence of PTSD among adults in the United States is 3.4%, as assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiologic Surveys (Pagoto et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Watt

Ranby

Meade

et al. 2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship. Method: A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0-7) and drinking behavior. Results: The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0-34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT ≥ 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17-85, SD = 16.3), with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD ChecklistCivilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the "other" category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior. Conclusions: Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 549-558, 2012)

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Longitudinal cohort study of depression, post-traumatic stress, and alcohol use in South African women who attend alcohol serving venues

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn South Africa, alcohol use poses a public health burden. Hazardous alcohol use often co-occurs with psychological distress (e.g., depression and post-traumatic stress). However, the majority of the research establishing the relationship between alcohol use and psychological distress has been cross-sectional, so the nature of co-occurring changes in psychological distress and alcohol use over time is not well characterized. The objective of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationship between psychological distress and alcohol use among South African women who attend alcohol serving venues.MethodsFour waves of data were collected over the course of a year from 560 women in a Cape Town township who attended drinking venues. At each assessment wave, participants reported depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and alcohol use. Multilevel growth models were used to: 1) assess the patterns of alcohol use; 2) examine how depressive symptoms uniquely, post-traumatic stress symptoms uniquely, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms together were associated with alcohol use; and 3) characterize the within person and between person associations of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms with alcohol use.ResultsWomen reported high levels of alcohol use throughout the study period, which declined slightly over time. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were highly correlated with depressive symptoms. Modeled separately, both within person and between person depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms were uniquely associated with alcohol use. When modeled together, significant between person effects indicated that women who typically have more post-traumatic stress symptoms, when controlling for depressive symptoms, are at risk for increased alcohol use; however, women with more depressive symptoms, controlling for post-traumatic stress symptoms, do not have differential risk for alcohol use. Significant within person effects indicated an interaction between depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms; women reported more alcohol use than usual at times when they had higher post-traumatic stress symptoms, and this increase in alcohol use was further exacerbated for women who also had higher depressive symptoms than usual.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that interventions targeting post-traumatic stress, especially when post-traumatic stress is comorbid with depression, may reduce alcohol use among South African women who drink.

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Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Rural Primary Care Population in South Africa

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Traumatic events and suicidal behaviour in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well‐Being

Traumatic events and suicidal behaviour in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well‐Being

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Longitudinal cohort study of depression, post-traumatic stress, and alcohol use in South African women who attend alcohol serving venues

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