Trauma and Public Mental Health: A Focused Review

Kleber, Rolf J.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00451

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Those studies that reported on change in reactions over time all concluded that there was a reduction in impact over time. This would be expected given what is known about the processes of grief and of recovery following trauma (Kleber, 2019; Zisook & Shear, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The impact on mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: A systematic review

Sandford

Thwaites

O’Connor

2020

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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There is a growing body of research investigating the impact on mental health professionals of losing a patient through suicide. However, the nature and extent of the impact is unclear. This systematic review synthesizes both quantitative and qualitative studies in the area. The aim was to review the literature on the impact of losing a patient through suicide with respect to both personal and professional practice responses as well as the support received. A search of the major psychological and medical databases was conducted, using keywords including suicide, patient, practitioner, and impact, which yielded 3,942 records. Fifty‐four studies were included in the final narrative synthesis. Most common personal reactions in qualitative studies included guilt, shock, sadness, anger, and blame. Impact on professional practice included self‐doubt and being more cautious and defensive in the management of suicide risk. As quantitative study methodologies were heterogeneous, it was difficult to make direct comparisons across studies. However, 13 studies (total n = 717 practitioners) utilized the Impact of Event Scale, finding that between 12% and 53% of practitioners recorded clinically significant scores. The need for training that is focused on the impact of suicides, and the value placed upon informal support was often cited. The experience of losing a patient through suicide can have a significant impact on mental health professionals, both in terms of their personal reactions and subsequent changes to professional practice. The negative impact, however, may be moderated by cultural and organisational factors and by the nature of support available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The impact on mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: A systematic review

Sandford

Thwaites

O’Connor

2020

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…The role of exposure to traumatic events such as 9/11 and their prolonged impact on physical and mental health outcomes is the subject of increasing focus by investigators [28,29,30,31]. The literature on potential mechanisms underlying associations between stress, psychological distress and hearing problems in humans is extremely limited [32,33,34]; there is also a need for more research in animal models examining the role of acute physical and psychological trauma and chronic stress on potential adverse effects on the cochlea and auditory cortex in order to identify mechanisms potentially amendable to intervention [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Hearing Loss among World Trade Center Health Registry Residents, Passersby and Area Workers, 2006–2007

Cone

Stein

Lee

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Prior studies have found that rescue and recovery workers exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster have evidence of increased persistent hearing and other ear-related problems. The potential association between WTC disaster exposures and post-9/11 persistent self-reported hearing problems or loss among non-rescue and recovery survivors has not been well studied. Methods: We used responses to the World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry) enrollment survey (2003–2004) and first follow-up survey (2006–2007) to model the association between exposure to the dust cloud and persistent hearing loss (n = 22,741). Results: The prevalence of post-9/11 persistent hearing loss among survivors was 2.2%. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of hearing loss for those who were in the dust cloud and unable to hear was 3.0 (95% CI: 2.2, 4.0). Survivors with persistent sinus problems, headaches, PTSD and chronic disease histories had an increased prevalence of reported hearing problems compared to those without symptoms or chronic problems. Conclusions: In a longitudinal study, we observed an association between WTC-related exposures and post-9/11 self-reported hearing loss among disaster survivors.

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“…The literature on trauma and post-trauma has changed how both clinicians and the lay public think about life-threatening events and their impact (32,44). With the passage of time and the expanding literature base, clinical practitioners and the general public are better informed as to the incidence, prevalence, and pernicious deleterious effects of exposure to traumatic events (45,46). Similarly, awareness of the various intervention programs and their reported efficacy has increased as well (6,47,48).…”

Section: Traumatic Bereavementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Bereavements: Rebalancing the Relationship to the Deceased and the Death Story Using the Two-Track Model of Bereavement

2020

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Bereavements that occur under external traumatic circumstances increase the risk for dysfunction, trauma symptomatology, as well as disordered and prolonged grief. While the majority of individuals who have experienced traumatic bereavements do not meet formal criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), or prolonged grief disorder (PGD), the degree of distress and dysfunction for these bereaved can be quite significant. The assessment and intervention paradigms in use with traumatic bereavements often prioritize the trauma and bypass the centrality of the interpersonal loss. By using a bifocal approach in conceptualizing bereavement, the Two-Track Model of Bereavement (TTMB) rebalances the approach to the class of traumatic bereavements. Track I examines biopsychosocial functioning and symptoms of trauma, and track II focuses on the nature of the ongoing relationship with the deceased and the death story that may also have elements of traumatic response. The model and its application serve to identify both adaptive and maladaptive responses to loss along both axes to optimally focus interventions where needed. The story of the death, the psychological relationship with the deceased, and the presence of biopsychosocial difficulties each have a part to play in assessment and intervention. A case study of assessment and intervention following traumatic bereavement due to suicide illustrates how attention to each of these factors in the TTMB can facilitate change. Ultimately, the relational bond with the deceased is a major vector in grief and mourning. Assessment and intervention with traumatic bereavements require attention to dysfunction and symptoms of trauma as well as to the death story and the state of the relationship to the deceased.

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Trauma and Public Mental Health: A Focused Review

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

The impact on mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: A systematic review

The impact on mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: A systematic review

Persistent Hearing Loss among World Trade Center Health Registry Residents, Passersby and Area Workers, 2006–2007

Traumatic Bereavements: Rebalancing the Relationship to the Deceased and the Death Story Using the Two-Track Model of Bereavement

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