Traveling wave fault location applied to high impedance events

Fault location method for transmission grids based on time difference of arrival of wide area travelling wave

“…Techniques used in locating the fault on transmission line can be broadly classified into two categories: (i) impedance‐based method [3–5]; and (ii) travelling‐wave‐based method [6–11]. Comparing with impedance‐based method, travelling‐wave‐based method is immune to fault condition (fault type, fault resistance, fault‐inception angle, and system parameters) and have high accuracy of fault location.…”

“…Travelling‐wave‐based method locates the fault by exploiting the correlation among the arrival time of travelling wave, the travelling wave velocity and the fault distance; and the aerial‐mode component of travelling wave obtained by the phase‐mode transformation is generally used for the travelling‐wave‐based methods, because its propagation velocity is relatively stable. According to the type of available measurements, the conventional travelling‐wave‐based method can be classified into single‐ended algorithm [6–8] and double‐ended algorithm [9–11]. However, the conventional travelling‐wave‐based method only target on single transmission line throughout the whole transmission grids, and is confronted location failure risk when one locating device invalidates, startup fails, or an error arrival time of the travelling wave is recorded.…”