Traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier: investigation of its phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive gain response

Choi, Sang Kyung; Li, Ruo-Ding; Kim, Chonghoon; Kumar, Prem

doi:10.1364/josab.14.001564

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Here, the degenerated parametric amplification is manifested as the conversion of two pump photons at frequency to a signal and an idler photon at frequencies and . The conversion needs to satisfy the energy conservation relation as in (2) and the quantum-mechanical photon momentum conservation relation as in (1).…”

Section: A Four-photon Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the parametric gain process do not rely on energy transitions between energy states it enable a wideband and flat gain profile contrary to the Raman and the Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The underlying process is based on highly efficient four-photon mixing (FPM) 1 relying on the relative phase between four interacting photons [13]- [16]. Due to the phase matching condition, the OPA does not only offer phase-insensitive amplification, but also the important feature of phase-sensitive parametric amplification.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A fourth photon, the idler, will be formed with a phase such that the phase difference between the pump photons and the signal and idler photon satisfies a phase matching condition (this is further discussed below). The phase-insensitive 1 In the literature, four-photon mixing is also referred to as four-wave mixing. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications

Hansryd

Andrekson

Westlund

et al. 2002

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

823

368

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Abstract-An applications-oriented review of optical parametric amplifiers in fiber communications is presented. The emphasis is on parametric amplifiers in general and single pumped parametric amplifiers in particular. While a theoretical framework based on highly efficient four-photon mixing is provided, the focus is on the intriguing applications enabled by the parametric gain, such as all-optical signal sampling, time-demultiplexing, pulse generation, and wavelength conversion. As these amplifiers offer high gain and low noise at arbitrary wavelengths with proper fiber design and pump wavelength allocation, they are also candidate enablers to increase overall wavelength-division-multiplexing system capacities similar to the more well-known Raman amplifiers. Similarities and distinctions between Raman and parametric amplifiers will also be addressed. Since the first fiber-based parametric amplifier experiments providing net continuous-wave gain in the for the optical fiber communication applications interesting 1.5-m region were only conducted about two years ago, there is reason to believe that substantial progress may be made in the future, perhaps involving "holey fibers" to further enhance the nonlinearity and thus the gain. This together with the emergence of practical and inexpensive high-power pump lasers may in many cases prove fiber-based parametric amplifiers to be a desired implementation in optical communication systems.

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Section: A Four-photon Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications

Hansryd

Andrekson

Westlund

et al. 2002

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

823

368

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“…Precise knowledge of the spatial quantum correlations in OPAs, however, is difficult to obtain because the traveling-wave OPAs use tightly focused pump beams; the resulting spatially-varying gain, together with the limited spatial bandwidth, couples and mixes up the modes of the quantum image [13]. These spatial mode-mixing effects, known as gain-induced diffraction [14], also make it difficult to detect the lowest-noise mode of a traveling-wave squeezer [15], because a properly mode-matched homodyne detector needs exact knowledge of this mode's spatial profile.We have recently found the orthogonal set of independently squeezed eigenmodes [16] of a traveling-wave PSA with spatially inhomogeneous (circular or elliptical Gaussian) pump by extending the mode-expansion method [17,18] to elliptical Hermite-Gaussian (HG) basis. Such expansion reduces the PSA's partial differential equation to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations for the mode amplitudes in the HG basis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phase-sensitive noiseless amplification and frequency conversion of spatially-multimode light

Annamalai

Vasilyev

Kumar

2013

2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series

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We discuss the recent insights into the spatial-mode structure of traveling-wave optical parametric amplifiers, with focus on optical processing of quantum images. OCIS codes: (190.4970) Parametric oscillators and amplifiers; (999.9999) Optical image amplification.Optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) are important tools of both classical and quantum information processing. Phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers (PSAs), unlike any other optical amplifiers, can increase the magnitude of the signal without adding any noise [1]. This property, coupled with the wide temporal bandwidth of fiber-based parametric amplifiers, makes them attractive as nearly noiseless inline amplifiers for optical communication systems [2][3][4]. Similarly, the spatially-broadband PSAs can generate multimode squeezed vacuum for parallel continuousvariable quantum information protocols [5] and can noiselessly amplify faint images [6][7][8][9]. The signal-to-noise ratio improvement provided by the image pre-amplifiers can translate into increased resolution [10][11][12]. Precise knowledge of the spatial quantum correlations in OPAs, however, is difficult to obtain because the traveling-wave OPAs use tightly focused pump beams; the resulting spatially-varying gain, together with the limited spatial bandwidth, couples and mixes up the modes of the quantum image [13]. These spatial mode-mixing effects, known as gain-induced diffraction [14], also make it difficult to detect the lowest-noise mode of a traveling-wave squeezer [15], because a properly mode-matched homodyne detector needs exact knowledge of this mode's spatial profile.We have recently found the orthogonal set of independently squeezed eigenmodes [16] of a traveling-wave PSA with spatially inhomogeneous (circular or elliptical Gaussian) pump by extending the mode-expansion method [17,18] to elliptical Hermite-Gaussian (HG) basis. Such expansion reduces the PSA's partial differential equation to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations for the mode amplitudes in the HG basis. The conventional HG expansion basis has the signal waist 2 1/2 times wider than the pump waist to match the signal and pump beam curvatures. The eigenmodes are found by singular-value decomposition [19,20] of the numerically computed Green's function [20]. This method is the spatial version of the quantum Karhunen-Loève expansion [21] previously used in the temporal domain to study quantum soliton propagation [22] and four-wave-mixing processes [23] in optical fiber. While a rough estimate of the number of PSA modes is (pump waist × spatial bandwidth) 1/2 , our rigorous method determines the exact number, gains, and the shapes of the PSA modes supported by the pump beam of a given spot size. These eigenmodes are the spatial analogs of the temporal "supermodes" of optical parametric oscillators [24]. The PSA eigenmodes are also closely related to the Schmidt modes of spontaneous parametric down conversion: at very low PSA gains, the eigenmodes correspond to frequency-degenerate transverse Schmid...

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7 Experimental Quantum State Tomography of Optical Fields and Ultrafast Statistical Sampling

Raymer

Beck

2004

Quantum State Estimation

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We review experimental work on the measurement of the quantum state of optical fields, and the relevant theoretical background. The basic technique of optical homodyne tomography is described with particular attention paid to the role played by balanced homodyne detection in this process. We discuss some of the original single-mode squeezed-state measurements as well as recent developments including: other field states, multimode measurements, array detection, and other new homodyne schemes. We also discuss applications of state measurement techniques to an area of scientific and technological importance-the ultrafast sampling of time-resolved photon statistics. Please cite as: M. G. Raymer and M. Beck, "Experimental quantum state tomography of optical fields and ultrafast statistical sampling," in Quantum State Estimation, Vol. 649, edited by M. G. A. Paris and J. Rehacek (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004), pp. 235-295.function [13][14][15]. However, in the case of mixed states, even for one-dimensional systems, more than two distributions are needed for state reconstruction.Because some of the first experimental work on quantum state measurement [16] analyzed the collected data using a mathematical technique that is very similar to the tomographic reconstruction technique used in medical imaging, and because all techniques are necessarily indirect, a generally accepted term for quantum state measurement has become quantum state tomography(QST.) Systems measured have included angular momentum states of electrons [17], the field [16,[18][19][20] and polarization [21] states of photon pairs, molecular vibrations [22], trapped ions [23], atomic beams [24], and nuclear spins [25]. Indeed, QST has become so prevalent in modern physics that it has been given its own Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) code by the American Institute of Physics: 03.65.Wj, State Reconstruction and Quantum Tomography.The purpose of this article is to review some of the theoretical and experimental work on quantum state measurement. Prior reviews can be found in [1,8,9,26]. We will concentrate here on measurements of the state of the field of an optical beam with an indeterminate number of photons in one or more modes. Measurement of the polarization state of beams with fixed photon number is discussed in the article by Altepeter, James and Kwiat in this volume. Nearly all field-state measurements are based on the technique of balanced homodyne detection, and hence fall under the category of optical homodyne tomography (OHT.) This technique was first suggested by Vogel and Risken [10] and first demonstrated by Smithey et al. [16]. A reasonably complete list of experiments that have measured the quantum states (or related quantities) of optical fields is presented in Table 1.Here we will describe balanced homodyne detection, and its application to OHT. We emphasize pulsed, balanced homodyne detection at zero frequency (DC) in order to model experiments on "wholepulse" detection. Such detection provides information on, for exampl...

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Traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier: investigation of its phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive gain response

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications

Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications

Phase-sensitive noiseless amplification and frequency conversion of spatially-multimode light

7 Experimental Quantum State Tomography of Optical Fields and Ultrafast Statistical Sampling

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