Treated water quality based on conventional method in Langat River Basin, Malaysia

Ahmed, Muthanna J.; Mokhtar, Mazlin

doi:10.1007/s12665-020-09160-7

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Altitude with canopy cover and water depth determine river water temperature. For example, water temperature of lowland river was ranging between 26°C and 27°C (Fawaz et al, 2013 andAhmed et al, 2020). Similar pattern was obtained for organic substances parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ) and COD concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Ahmad¹,

Hafizah²,

Aisyah³

2021

JEB

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Aim: This study aims to determine Chironomidae diversity and distribution in three small rivers at Cameron Highlands in relation to their response to water quality conditions. Methodology: Fifteen sites from three rivers (Palas River, Pauh River and Bertam River) were chosen for water quality measurements and Chironomidae sampling. Water quality was analysed following APHA standard methods and chironomid was identified to genus level. The rivers were classified based on Malaysian’s Water Quality Index (WQI) and macroinvertebrates diversity and distribution was analysed using diversity indices. Comparison between sites and river was undertaken using one-way ANOVA and chironomid appearance in relation to water quality was evaluated using Pearson correlation test. Results: Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) distribution at high altitude rivers in Malaysia is not well documented although this group of insect has a wide range of distribution in tropical region. Based on Malaysian water quality index (WQI), result shows all rivers were in Class I. Although still in Class I, Bertam River has slight lower water quality due to higher ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids. The diversity indices also demonstrate that Bertam Rivers was in stress conditions, and other two were in moderate conditions. Three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae) were recorded, which comprises of 1963 individuals. Tvetenia (Subfamily: Orthocladiinae) was the most dominant but only dominated Palas River and Pauh River. Another genus from Orthocladiinae (Crocotopus and Rheocrocotopus) also recorded dominant only in Palas River and Pauh River, but lesser in Bertam River. Only Polypedilum (Subfamily: Chironominae) which was second highest recorded, dominated in all rivers, even highest in Bertam River. Amongst dominant genus, only Polypedilum was found dominant in all rivers, others were only dominating Palas River and Pauh River only. Interpretation: This findings exhibit wide range of adaptations and potential use of Polypedilum as biological indicator. Due to availability of incomplete keys, identification to species level cannot be undertaken. However, this study reveals thirteen different sub-group of Polypedilum based mouthpart organs, which represent different species for tropical ecosystems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Ahmad¹,

Hafizah²,

Aisyah³

2021

JEB

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“…Chemical pollution of the rivers in Malaysia is frequent along with the country's development activities, and the ecological and human health risks are of great concern due to the pollution of these rivers [1][2][3][4][5]. Pollution of the transboundary Langat River in the most populous and fastest developing Selangor state among the states of Malaysia is no different than other polluted rivers in Malaysia [6][7][8][9][10]. The origin of the Langat River is in the hilly area of Hulu Langat, and the Langat River Basin shares the Selangor and Negeri Sembilan states as well as the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya before falling into the Strait of Malacca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Sungai Semenyih DWTP halted the operation for some time in December 2021 due to odor pollution [22] as well as in the Hulu Langat area due to severe floods [10]. DWTPs were unable to treat raw water when there was increased mudflow/turbidity in the river during floods because of much runoff resulting from heavy rain [7]. In contrast, the DWTPs were also unable to treat the raw water when there were drought situations because of the higher concentrations of the chemicals in the water [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Ahmed

Mokhtar

Lim

et al. 2022

Water

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The shutdown of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, which provides drinking water to almost one-third population in the basin, is very frequent, especially due to chemical pollution in the river. This study explored the pollution sources in the Langat River based on eight specific water intake points of the respective DWTPs to suggest an integrated river basin management (IRBM). Analysis of Al (250.26 ± 189.24 µg/L), As (1.65 ± 0.93 µg/L), Cd (1.22 ± 0.88 µg/L), Cr (0.47 ± 0.27 µg/L), and Pb (9.99 ± 5.38 µg/L) by ICP-MS following the Chelex® 100 column resin ion exchange method found that the mean concentrations except Al were within the water quality standard of the Ministry of Health (MOH) as well as the Dept. of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. However, the determined water quality index based on physicochemical parameters (2005–2015) at the midstream of Langat River was Class III, which needs substantial treatment before drinking. The linear regression model of Al, As, Cd, and Pb suggests that water quality parameters are significantly influencing the increase or decrease in these metal concentrations. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also support the regression models that the sources of pollution are both natural and man-made activities, and these pollution sources can be clustered into two categories, i.e., upstream (category 1) and mid to downstream (category 2) in the Langat River. The degraded water quality in the midstream compared to up and downstream of the river is mainly due to human activities apart from the natural weathering of minerals. Therefore, the implementation of policies should be effective at the local level for pollution management, especially via the proactive leadership roles of local government for this transboundary Langat River to benefit from IRBM.

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“…Although the upstream water quality of the Langat River was clean, the physico-chemical parameters including several metals in so many cases had crossed the national water quality index at mid to downstream. Additionally, the upstream of Langat River also recorded a high concentration of several metals such as aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, etc., mainly from natural sources [6,[24][25][26][27]. Therefore, several water treatment plants (WTPs) such as Sg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semenyih, Sg. Langat, Cheras Mile 11, Bukit Tempoi, Salak Tinggi WTPs from 2009 to 2020 have experienced frequent shutdown incidents due to the chemical pollutions in the Langat River [25,28]. The sources of this pollution were both point and non-point sources such as the effluent from industrial zones and animal husbandries, leachate from landfills, run-off from the palm oil plantation and agriculture activities, frequent flash floods due to climate change, and similar [25,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources

Ahmed

Lim

Mokhtar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Chemical pollution in the transboundary Langat River in Malaysia is common both from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the water treatment plants (WTPS) at the Langat River Basin have experienced frequent shutdown incidents. However, the Langat River is one of the main sources of drinking water to almost one-third of the population in Selangor state. Meanwhile, several studies have reported a high concentration of Arsenic (As) in the Langat River that is toxic if ingested via drinking water. However, this is a pioneer study that predicts the As concentration in the Langat River based on time-series data from 2005–2014 to estimate the health risk associated with As ingestion via drinking water at the Langat River Basin. Several time-series prediction models were tested and Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) gained the best result. This GBT model also fits better to predict the As concentration until December 2024. The mean concentration of As in the Langat River for both 2014 and 2024, as well as the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of As ingestion via drinking water, were within the drinking water quality standards proposed by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health Malaysia. However, the ingestion of trace amounts of As over a long period might be detrimental to human health because of its non-biodegradable characteristics. Therefore, it is important to manage the drinking water sources to minimise As exposure risks to human health.

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Treated water quality based on conventional method in Langat River Basin, Malaysia

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia

Predicting Arsenic (As) Exposure on Human Health for Better Management of Drinking Water Sources

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