Treating barley grain with lactic acid and heat prevented sub-acute ruminal acidosis and increased milk fat content in dairy cows

Iqbal, Summera; Terrill, Sarah J.; Zebeli, Qendrim; Mazzolari, A.; Dunn, Suzanna M.; Yang, Wenzhu; Ametaj, Burim N.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.024

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Repeated and increasing oronasal doses of LPS showed a tendency for increased ECM with a particular influence at week 3 postpartum in primiparous cows. In another study, ECM increased from 25.0 kg/d in control cows fed barley grain-based diets to 27.4 kg/d in cows fed a similar diet processed with lactic acid and heat, which lowered rumen LPS content [32]. In support of this hypothesis are other studies that show that primiparous cows cope better with LPS and E. coli challenges as evidenced from more moderate inflammatory responses compared with multiparous cows [33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Zebeli and Ametaj [2] reported a strong negative correlation between rumen free LPS with MEE in dairy cows. Better MEE also was reported in cows fed diets treated with lactic acid and heat that lowered the amount of LPS in the rumen fluid [32]. Shuster et al [11] demonstrated reduced lactational performance in dairy cows administered intravenously with LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Effects of prepartal oronasal administration of lipopolysaccharide on milk composition and productivity of transition Holstein dairy cows

Iqbal¹,

Zebeli²,

Mansmann³

et al. 2013

OJAS

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated oronasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on milk composition and the overall productive performance of dairy cows. One hundred pregnant Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (n = 50). 30 cows out of 100 were selected for intensive sampling (n = 15) starting at 28 d before parturition. Cows were administered orally and nasally with 2 and 1 mL of saline solution, respectively (control), or saline solution containing 3 doses of LPS from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 as follows: 1) 0.01 µg/kg body weight (BW) on d −28, 2) 0.05 µg/kg BW on d −25 and −21, and 3) 0.1 µg/kg BW on d −18 and −14. Daily feed intake and milk production were recorded for each cow during the first 28 d postpartum. Milk samples were obtained once per week and analyzed for various milk components. Overall, results indicated that treatment did not affect feed intake, milk yield, milk efficiency, fat content, fat yield, protein content, protein yield, lactose content, lactose yield, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), total solid contents, fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM; P > 0.05). However, milk somatic cell count (SCC) tended to be lower in the treated cows (P < 0.10). Treated primiparous cows showed tendencies for better milk efficiency (P < 0.10), milk-fat content (P = 0.09), and total solid contents (P = 0.06). There was a treatment by week interaction for milk energy (P = 0.03), and tendencies for FCM, ECM, lactose content, and milk efficiency (P < 0.10) with greater values in the treated primiparous animals. Altogether, results of this study showed that oronasal LPS challenges slightly modulated milk composition of periparturient dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of prepartal oronasal administration of lipopolysaccharide on milk composition and productivity of transition Holstein dairy cows

Iqbal¹,

Zebeli²,

Mansmann³

et al. 2013

OJAS

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“…One promising approach to prevent SARA without the need to change the diet's forage proportion is to feed cereal grains or cultivars with low ruminal degradability (Silveira et al, 2007a,b;Nasrollahi et al, 2012). Studies conducted by Iqbal et al (2009Iqbal et al ( , 2012 found, for the first time in cattle, that treating barley grain with lactic acid (LA) alleviated the risk of SARA when fed to late-lactation cows. Processing of barley grain with LA has also been shown to enhance the content of slowly digestible starch and fibers and to trigger the hydrolysis of phytate P in more recent studies (Deckardt et al, , 2015Metzler-Zebeli et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Long-term reticuloruminal pH dynamics and markers of liver health in early-lactating cows of various parities fed diets differing in grain processing

Humer¹,

Khol-Parisini²,

Grüber

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid (La) with or without thermal treatment on reticuloruminal pH dynamics and metabolic activity of the liver in 12 primiparous and 18 multiparous early-lactating dairy cows. All cows were included on d 21 postpartum and sampled until d 90 postpartum. Cows were fed a diet based on differently processed ground barley grain: untreated grain (control diet, CON), or grain treated with 1% La alone for 24 h before feeding (La), or with an additional oven-heating at 55°C for 12 h (LaH). The reticuloruminal pH and temperature were measured via indwelling sensors that allowed for continuous (every 10min) and long-term measurement from d 21 to 80 postpartum. Blood samples were taken on d 21, 40, and 90 of lactation and analyzed for liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as bilirubin, bile acids, and serum amyloid A. Dry matter intake was higher in multiparous cows (20.7±0.27 kg/d) compared with primiparous cows (18.2±0.33 kg/d), but was not affected by dietary treatment. Overall, the relatively short duration (51±5min/d) of reticuloruminal pH <5.8 suggests low risk of subacute ruminal acidosis throughout the experiment. Results indicated that La treatment of barley, with or without heat, lowered the time duration of pH <5.8 compared with CON, but only in primiparous cows (from 118±13 to 46±11 and 25±11min/d for CON, La, and LaH, respectively). In multiparous cows, the opposite effect of feeding the La-treated barley on time duration of pH <5.8 (11±8 vs. 46±9 vs. 57±9min/d for CON, La, and LaH, respectively) was observed. Multiparous cows generally showed higher pH readings and shorter periods in which the ruminal pH dropped below the threshold of pH 5.8. The reticuloruminal temperature was not affected by dietary treatment, whereas parity affected the time duration of reticuloruminal temperature >39.5°C, being 60±19min/d shorter in primiparous cows. The measured activities of the liver enzymes AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as bilirubin, bile acids, and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A, were not affected by grain feeding. Additionally, only one small effect of parity on investigated serum variables was noticed, showing slightly but significantly higher values of AST in multiparous (80.5±1.4 U/L) compared with primiparous cows (76.0±1.7 U/L). In conclusion, our results indicate greater risk for primiparous cows to develop subacute ruminal acidosis-like conditions during early lactation than multiparous cows. The study also suggests limited benefits of feeding processed barley grain with La with or without thermal treatment to modulate ruminal tolerance of grain feeding, whereby differing effects in primiparous cows were observed compared with multiparous cows.

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“…The one crushed by steam, uses moisture, heat and pressure to gelatinize the starch granules (Dehghanbanadaky et al 2007). The treatment of barley grain with 10 g/lactic acid/L of water and heated at 55 °C has multiple beneficial effects: rumen pH is > 5.8 in the most intensive stage of fermentation, this pH stability prevents SARA and increases the fat content in milk (Iqbal et al 2012).…”

Section: Types Of Cereals and How To Manage The Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Jaramillo-López¹,

Itzá-Ortíz²,

Peraza-Mercado³

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin that occurs in animals with a high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis with prolonged exposure to ruminal pH ≤ 5.0, triggering a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), it has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by adding sodium bicarbonate to the ration, or zootechnic additives such as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal's rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, its effects on animal welfare and control strategies to minimise the detrimental impact on animal production.Key words: metabolic disorder, ruminal subacute acidosis. RESUMEN.La acidosis ruminal es un trastorno metabólico de origen digestivo, que se presenta en los rumiantes al ingerir dietas altas en granos de cereales, y que afecta el rendimiento productivo. Según sus manifestaciones clínicas se clasifica en: a) acidosis láctica aguda en la que hay una exposición prolongada a un pH ruminal ≤ 5,0, lo que desencadena una acidosis sistémica con manifestaciones clínicas, así como cambios en los patrones bioquímicos que se inician en las primeras doce horas de la acidosis ruminal y tardan de 48 a 120 horas en restablecerse, y b) acidosis subaguda ruminal (ASR), donde no hay manifestaciones clínicas, el pH del rumen disminuye en un rango de 5,5 a 5,0 y se mantiene durante 111 a 180 minutos en 24 horas, este descenso provoca un desequilibrio tanto en el metabolismo ruminal como en el balance de líquidos. La acidosis ruminal se puede prevenir por la adición de bicarbonato de sodio, aditivos zootécnicos como la Sccharomyces cerevisiae y Megasphaera elsdenii, y aceites esenciales (cinamaldehído y eugenol). Es importante considerar la relación forraje/concentrado así como el tamaño de partícula del forraje, el contenido de FND de la ración, y la degradación del grano de cereal en el rumen. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue abordar la fisiopatología de la acidosis ruminal, los efectos que esta causa en el bienestar animal y las estrategias para su control, para minimizar su impacto detrimental en la producción animal.Palabras claves: trastorno metabólico, acidosis subaguda ruminal.

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Treating barley grain with lactic acid and heat prevented sub-acute ruminal acidosis and increased milk fat content in dairy cows

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of prepartal oronasal administration of lipopolysaccharide on milk composition and productivity of transition Holstein dairy cows

Effects of prepartal oronasal administration of lipopolysaccharide on milk composition and productivity of transition Holstein dairy cows

Long-term reticuloruminal pH dynamics and markers of liver health in early-lactating cows of various parities fed diets differing in grain processing

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

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