Treatment and Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus Concomitant with Alcoholism

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global disease worldwide. The Asia-Pacific regionhas a high prevalence of viral hepatitis, and Taiwan is a region of high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with increasing alcoholic liver disease. We have investigated the prognosis and treatment of patients with concomitant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and alcoholism. The 10-year cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is much higher in patients with concomitant alcoholism and HBV infection than in those with alcoholism or HBV infection alone. Treatment with antiviral therapy and abstinence may be started in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and compensated cirrhosis with high HBV DNA. In pre-cirrhotic cases, treatment with antiviral therapy and abstinence may be started in patients with persistently elevated ALT levels and high HBV DNA, and significant fibrosis with minimal elevated or normal ALT levels and mild high HBV DNA. Treatment with antiviral therapy and abstinence reduces the incidence of HCC in patients with concomitant HBV infection and alcoholism. In conclusion, patients with concomitant HBV infection and alcoholism have high incidence of cirrhosis, HCC, and mortality. Treatment with antiviral therapy and abstinence may be started to reduce the incidence of cirrhosis, HCC, and mortality in these patients.

Grinding heat theory based on trochoid scratch model: Establishment and verification of grinding heat model of trochoid cross point

“…Currently, two main methods are used to solve the grinding temperature field: an analytical method, based on the theory of a moving heat source [17], and a numerical method, relying on discrete mathematics [18] to determine the temperature field within the grinding region. In the field of cup grinding wheel face grinding, Lin et al [19], in 2001, formulated the theory of an arc-moving heat source for cup grinding wheel face grinding. Using this thermal model alongside heat conduction theory, they analyzed the three-dimensional quasi-steadystate temperature field of the workpiece when no coolant is used, providing an analytical expression for the three-dimensional temperature field with the heat source intensity distributed in a rectangular shape.…”

“…Many researchers have developed analytical models of uniform continuous grinding temperature fields based on instantaneous point heat sources [1,[32][33][34] and the finite difference method [17]. Various heat source distribution models, including rectangular heat source [1], triangular heat source [3], parabolic heat source [35], and arc moving heat source [19,22], have been proposed according to different grinding methods. It is evident that modelling the grinding temperature field is essential for studying material removal in the grinding process.…”

Hardware implementation of a true random number generator integrating a hexagonal boron nitride memristor with a commercial microcontroller

“…11–14 Ref. 15–20 subjected metal oxide memristors to sequences of ramped voltage stresses (RVS) of different polarities or pulsed write/verify schemes 21,22 to induce cyclical switching between a high resistive state (HRS) and a low resistive state (LRS), and used the switching voltages, cycle-to-cycle resistance variability or stochastic time-dependent relaxation as an entropy source in a TRNG circuit—as the switching is related to ionic movement in the MIM nanocell, these values show some degree of variability in every cycle, and they cannot be accurately predicted. However, these studies only constructed and characterized single devices, and the circuital part was simulated or modelled.…”