Treatment of child anxiety: an exploratory study of the role of maternal anxiety and behaviours in treatment outcome

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are common among parents of anxious children and have been found to impede child treatment outcomes, yet it is unclear whether it is parental anxiety that needs to be targeted in therapy or associated parental behaviours. Twenty-two children (6-12 years) with a current anxiety disorder and their mothers received cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) for child anxiety. In addition, of the 12 mothers who met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, 6 received CBT for their own disorder. Assessments were made of the mother-child interaction. The main findings were: (1) children did less well from treatment where their mothers had a current anxiety disorder; (2) treatment of maternal anxiety disorder did not improve child treatment outcome; and (3) maternal overinvolvement and expression of fear was associated with child treatment outcome. The results suggest that in the context of maternal anxiety disorder, child treatment outcome may be improved by specifically targeting parenting behaviours.

Analisiskecenderungan Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur

“…Auditor yang bereputasi baik cenderung akan menerbitkan opini audit going concern jika klien terdapat masalah berkaitan going concern perusahaan. Craswell, et al (2008) menyatakan bahwa, klien biasanya mempersepsikan auditor yang berasal dari Kantor Akuntan Publik besar dan yang memiliki afiliasi dengan Kantor Akuntan Publik internasional, memiliki kualitas yang lebih tinggi karena auditor tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang dapat dikaitkan dengan kualitas, seperti pelatihan, pengakuan internasional, serta adanya peer review. Reputasi auditor sering digunakan sebagai proksi dari kualitas audit, namun demikian dalam banyak penelitian kompetensi dan independensi masih jarang digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar kualitas audit secara aktual (Ruiz Barbadillo et.…”

Temperament and parenting predicting anxiety change in cognitive behavioral therapy: The role of mothers, fathers, and children

“…Some studies have found that maternal over-involvement and paternal rejection are related to a less favorable treatment outcome in anxious children and adolescents (Creswell, Willetts, Murray, Singhal, & Cooper, 2008;Liber et al, 2008). Rejecting or overprotective parenting is likely to discourage independence, directly limiting opportunities for a child to develop a repertoire of coping skills and a sense of self-competence and mastery in dealing with challenges (Chorpita & Barlow, 1998;Rapee, 1997).…”

Parental Factors That Detract From the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Anxiety: Recommendations for Practitioners

“…As children in treatment spend a substantially larger percentage of their time with their parents compared to time spent with the therapist, parental influence cannot be underestimated. Specifically, maternal anxiety appears to be a valid predictor of treatment outcomes for children who undergo CBT for various anxiety disorders, and in one study, it served as a better predictor of child outcomes compared to paternal anxiety (Creswell et al, 2008). Because younger children spend more time with their mothers, the maternal influence on behavior and object-relations likely mediates the effectiveness of CBT.…”

“…Many authors have observed that children who report problems with anxiety also usually have a parent with an anxiety disorder; this is not surprising, in that parental anxiety has been found to contribute to the development and maintenance of child anxiety, as well as interfere with CBT outcomes Creswell, Willetts, Murray, Singhal, & Cooper, 2008). In fact, the severity of parental anxiety is directly related to childhood treatment outcomes such that higher levels of anxiety in parents predicted childhood outcomes in one CBT RCT .…”

“…Because younger children spend more time with their mothers, the maternal influence on behavior and object-relations likely mediates the effectiveness of CBT. Creswell et al (2008) contend that anxious mothers demonstrate (model) an increased fear expression relative to nonanxious mothers, and that their expression of fear and avoidance of certain individuals, objects, and=or situations likely models the same behavior for their children. By responding to anxietyprovoking situations in ways similar to those situations in which they have observed their parents, children learn to behave anxiously and to eventually experience anxiety in those same situations.…”