Treatment of chromomycosis by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen: 15 years’ experience

Castro, Luiz Guilherme Martins; Pimentel, Eugênio R. A.; Lacaz, C. S.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01532.x

Cited by 81 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Larger skin folds should be avoided in order to prevent secondary fibrosis and reduce the risk of sequelae such as retractile scars. This method can be applied by using a cotton-tipped applicator or spray devices (269,270). The freezing time for CBM cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen ranges from 30 s to 4 min according to the extent of the lesion.…”

Section: Cryotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections, being the most common of the gamut of mycoses caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. CBM is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around the world. The following characteristics are associated with this disease: (i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source, leading to an initial cutaneous lesion at the inoculation site; (ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses and often with tissue proliferation; (iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement; and (iv) the presence of muriform (sclerotic) cells embedded in the affected tissue. CBM lesions are clinically polymorphic and are commonly misdiagnosed as various other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In its more severe clinical forms, CBM may cause an incapacity for labor due to fibrotic sequelae and also due to a series of clinical complications, and if not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.

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Section: Cryotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2017

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“…In a large series, cryotherapy, itraconazole, or the combination resulted in the largest number of cures (88). In developing countries, where systemic antifungals are not easily available or are too expensive, the use of cryotherapy alone in a systematic manner over several months has led to good cure rates as well (126). Such physical therapies are most effective on small, localized lesions.…”

Section: Chromoblastomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanized Fungi in Human Disease

2010

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SUMMARY Melanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes. Many are soil organisms and are generally distributed worldwide, though certain species appear to have restricted geographic ranges. Though they are uncommon causes of disease, melanized fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens, with most reports occurring in the past 20 years. The spectrum of diseases with which they are associated has also broadened and includes allergic disease, superficial and deep local infections, pneumonia, brain abscess, and disseminated infection. For some infections in immunocompetent individuals, such as allergic fungal sinusitis and brain abscess, they are among the most common etiologic fungi. Melanin is a likely virulence factor for these fungi. Diagnosis relies on careful microscopic and pathological examination, as well as clinical assessment of the patient, as these fungi are often considered contaminants. Therapy varies depending upon the clinical syndrome. Local infection may be cured with excision alone, while systemic disease is often refractory to therapy. Triazoles such as voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole have the most consistent in vitro activity. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of these uncommon infections.

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“…Approximately 6-7 treatments with cryotherapy are usually required. 12,13 Thermotherapy is less commonly used, and the few published reports of its use originate from Japan. It requires daily application of heat directly onto the lesions for several hours for 2-6 months.…”

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confidence: 99%