Treatment of coal seam gas produced water for beneficial use in Australia: A review of best practices

Nghiem, Long D.; Ren, Ting X; Aziz, Naj; Porter, Ian; Regmi, Gyanendra

doi:10.5004/dwt.2011.2716

Cited by 91 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Each semi-cell was engraved to create a flow channel with depth, width, and length of 0.3, 9.5, and 14.5 cm, respectively. The active membrane area for mass transfer was 138 cm 2 . Two pumps (Model 120/IEC71-B14, Micropump Inc., Vancouver, Washington, USA) were used to circulate the feed and distillate through each semi-cell.…”

Section: Lab-scale Dcmd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSG produced water is usually saline and dominated by sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride [2,3]. As a result, it is not suitable for direct environmental discharge or beneficial reuse [2,4,5]. In addition, the volume of water associated with CSG production can vary greatly from basin to basin and can be very large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas is commonly separated from water at the wellhead, and the remaining water is called CSG produced water [1]. CSG produced water is usually saline and dominated by sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride [2,3]. As a result, it is not suitable for direct environmental discharge or beneficial reuse [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, RO can only achieve 75-80% water recovery [2,[6][7][8]. In Australia, where reinjection of CSG RO brine to depleted coal seams is generally not permitted, brine ponds have to be used as a temporary solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling control during membrane distillation of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine

Duong

Gray

Duke

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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We systematically assess the efficiency of chemical cleaning and report a simple but elegant approach to control scaling during membrane distillation (MD) of brine from reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water. Results reported here show that increased feed water salinity and the permeation of CO2 from the feed solution resulted in only a small and gradual decrease in water flux. On the other hand, the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts on the membrane at high water recovery (>70%) led to a significant flux decline. Among the three chemical cleaning agents investigated, a reverse osmosis scale cleaning agent (denoted as MC3) was the most effective at restoring the water flux; however, MC3 cleaning was not able to completely remove scale deposits from the membrane and restore its surface hydrophobicity to the original value because of the complexation of scalants with CSG RO brine. The remaining scalants (i.e., silicates) reduced the membrane surface hydrophobicity and could possibly enhance concentration polarisation and act as seeding for further scale formation. Thus, a gradual decrease in MD performance with respect to both water flux and salt leakage was observed after each MC3 cleaning cycle. It was noted that the chemical cleaning agents themselves did not alter the hydrophobicity of the membrane; thus, the gradual decline in MD performance was attributed to the remaining scale deposits on the membrane after each cleaning cycle. Results reported here highlight the need to prevent membrane scaling and only use chemical cleaning as the last resort during MD treatment of CSG RO brine. Moreover, membrane scaling could be prevented by reducing concentration polarisation via limiting feed temperature and thus water flux. MD treatment of CSG RO brine with up to 80% water recovery without any observable membrane scaling was achieved at the feed temperature and the water flux of 35°C and 10L/m 2 h, respectively. AbstractWe systematically assess the efficiency of chemical cleaning and report a simple but elegant approach to control scaling during membrane distillation (MD) of brine from reverse osmosis (RO) treatment of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water. Results reported here show that increased feed water salinity and the permeation of CO 2 from the feed solution resulted in only a small and gradual decrease in water flux. On the other hand, the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts on the membrane at high water recovery (>70%) led to a significant flux decline. Among the three chemical cleaning agents investigated, a reverse osmosis scale cleaning agent (denoted as MC3) was the most effective at restoring the water flux; however, MC3 cleaning was not able to completely remove scale deposits from the membrane and restore its surface hydrophobicity to the original value because of the complexation of scalants with CSG RO brine. The remaining scalants (i.e., silicates) reduced the membrane surface hydrophobicity and could possibly enhance concentration polarisation and ...

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Section: Lab-scale Dcmd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scaling control during membrane distillation of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine

Duong

Gray

Duke

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…However, CSG extraction also involves the co-production of a large volume of water, termed as produced water, which is basically saline groundwater. In Australia, CSG produced water is mainly composed of sodium, bicarbonate and chloride [1,2]. Due to potential impacts of directly discharging CSG produced water on local ecological systems, there is a strong need to develop sustainable treatment process for its environmental safety [1,3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Woo

Kim

Shim

et al. 2016

Journal of Membrane Science

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123

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. (2016). Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 513 74-84.Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation Keywords brine, ro, distillation, treatment, gap, membrane, sheet, flat, pvdf, graphene, air, water, produced, gas, seam AbstractBrine management of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water is a significant concern for the sustainable production of CSG in Australia. Membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential to further reduce the volume of CSG reverse osmosis (RO) brine. However, despite its potential, the lack 2 of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial use. Therefore, this study was aimed on the

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Design of optimal groundwater monitoring well network using stochastic modeling and reduced‐rank spatial prediction

Janardhanan

Lau

Pagendam

2017

Water Resources Research

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A method for the stochastic design of groundwater quality observation well network is presented. The method uses calibration‐constrained Null‐space Monte Carlo analysis for the stochastic simulation of the reduction ratio of peak concentration and the time corresponding to this in an injection well field. The numerical groundwater model simulations are constrained with a limited amount of field measurements. The objective of the monitoring network design is to identify optimal monitoring locations that allow for prediction of spatial fields from the data collected at limited number of points in the spatial domain. These locations need to be robust to different possible outcomes simulated using the stochastic model runs, and result in good spatial predictions, regardless of which one of the many possibilities turned out to be the true representation of nature. Multiple simulated fields of concentration and time are used to identify a small set of empirical orthogonal functions (spatial basis functions) for reduced‐rank prediction of the spatial patterns in these two fields. The Differential Evolution algorithm was used to find the monitoring locations that allowed for optimal reconstruction of all the simulated fields (potential future states of reality) from the set of empirical orthogonal functions. The applicability is demonstrated for designing a monitoring network for an injection well field. Optimal locations of 10 monitoring wells were identified. The method has the capability to simultaneously identify the optimal locations and inform optimal times for monitoring reduction ratio of peak concentration. The method is flexible to iteratively combine stochastic modeling and monitoring for optimal groundwater management.

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Treatment of coal seam gas produced water for beneficial use in Australia: A review of best practices

Cited by 91 publications

References 19 publications

Scaling control during membrane distillation of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine

Scaling control during membrane distillation of coal seam gas reverse osmosis brine

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Design of optimal groundwater monitoring well network using stochastic modeling and reduced‐rank spatial prediction

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