Treatment of experimental pythiosis with essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Mentha piperita singly, in association and in combination with immunotherapy

Fonseca, Anelise O.S.; Pereira, Daniela Isabel Brayer; Botton, Sônia de Ávila; Pötter, Luciana; Sallis, Eliza Simone Viégas; Júnior, Sergio Farias Vargas; Filho, F. S. Maia; Zambrano, Cristina Gomes; Maroneze, Beatriz Persici; Valente, Júlia de Souza Silveira; Baptista, Cristiane Telles; Braga, Caroline Quintana; Ben, Vanessa Dal; Meireles, Mário Carlos Araújo

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.023

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…More recently, Suthiwong et al [ 25 ] found four new compounds from the fruits of Micromelum falcatum able to inhibit the mycelia growth of P. insidiosum . Fonseca et al [ 26 ] evaluated the effect of essential oils of Lamiaceae Family and observed that Origanum vulgare showed the best performance in inhibiting the germination of zoospores of P. insidiosum . Therefore, it seems that new compounds with potential therapeutic activity against pythiosis may come from nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies

Trolezi

Azanha

Paschoal

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Background Pythium insidiosum is the etiological agent of pythiosis, an emerging life-threatening infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions. The pathogen is a fungus-like organism resistant to antifungal therapy, for this reason, most cases need extensive surgical debridments as treatment, but depending on the size and anatomical region of the lesion, such approach is unfeasible. We investigate the fungicidal effect and toxicity of crude bark extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens and commercially available tannin on Pythium insidiosum both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsStandardized fragments of mycelia of fifteen isolates of P. insidiosum were tested with different concentrations of bark extract (10 to 30% v/v) and tannin (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL). For in vivo study, fifteen rabbits were experimentally infected with zoospores of P. insidiosum and treated by oral and intralesional applications of bark extract and tannin. Acute toxicity tests with both substances were also performed in rats.ResultsIn vitro studies showed fungicidal effect for both substances at different concentrations and the SEM showed alteration on the cell wall surface of the pathogen. All infected rabbits developed a firm nodular mass that reached around 90 mm2 ninety days after inoculation, but neither the intralesional inoculation of tannin, nor the oral administration of crude extract and tannin were able to promote remission of the lesions.ConclusionsLesions developed by rabbits presented an encapsulated abscess being quite different of naturally acquired pythiosis, which is characterized by ulcerated lesions. Since no toxicity was observed in rats or rabbits inoculated with these products, while in vitro experiments showed direct antifungal effect, therapeutic activity of S. adstringens and tannin should be clinically tested as an alternative for healing wounds in naturally acquired pythiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies

Trolezi

Azanha

Paschoal

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“…Susceptibility tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 protocol (microdilution broth) (CLSI 2008), and the stock solutions of the EOs were prepared according to Fonseca et al (2015b).…”

Section: In Vitro Susceptibility Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Jesus et al (2015b) showed the synergistic effects of the carvacrol and thymol combination with antimicrobials against this oomycete. Furthermore, Fonseca et al (2015b) observed the in vivo synergism of the Origanum vulgare and Mentha piperita EO combination when treating rabbits with experimental pythiosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

et al. 2016

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“…Many investigators have searched for a chemical that is capable of inhibiting P. insidiosum [79,80,81,82,83,84,85]. Although a standardized susceptibility method for P. insidiosum is not available, several in vitro and in vivo assays have been proposed to evaluate drugs against the pathogen [86,87,88,89].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2020

Heliyon

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Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinicallyuseful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.

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Treatment of experimental pythiosis with essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Mentha piperita singly, in association and in combination with immunotherapy

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies

Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies

In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

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