Treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Cognitive behavior therapy vs. exposure and response prevention

Whittal, Maureen L.; Thordarson, Dana S.; McLean, Peter D.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.11.012

Cited by 320 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Several empirical studies confirm that the use of cognitive interventions (slightly) enhances treatment outcome (Bryant et al, 2008;Clark et al, 2006;Mattick, Peters, & Clarke, 1989;McMillan & Lee, 2010;Salkovskis, Hackman, Wells, Gelder, & Clark, 2007). Other studies, by contrast, have not found enhanced treatment effects when cognitive interventions were added to a behavioral treatment (Feske & Chambless, 1995;Koch, Spates, & Himble, 2004;Whittal, Thordarson, & McLean, 2005).…”

Section: Pathways To Change In One-session Exposure With and Without mentioning

confidence: 91%

Pathways to change in one-session exposure with and without cognitive intervention: An exploratory study in spider phobia

Raes

Koster

Loeys

et al. 2011

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Section: Pathways To Change In One-session Exposure With and Without mentioning

confidence: 91%

Pathways to change in one-session exposure with and without cognitive intervention: An exploratory study in spider phobia

Raes

Koster

Loeys

et al. 2011

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Some studies evaluated whether these techniques differ in efficacy. CBT was superior to ERP in one study (van Oppen et al 1995), whereas CBT and ERP were found to be equal in other studies Vogel and Gotestam 2004;Whittal et al 2005). A significant proportion of OCD patients refuse treatment or terminate treatment programs early, because they fear high levels of revulsion or anxiety or even ''magical'' consequences when not performing rituals.…”

Section: )(E)mentioning

confidence: 91%

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders – First Revision

Bandelow

Zohar

Hollander

et al. 2008

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

718

410

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In this report, which is an update of a guideline published in 2002 (Bandelow et al. 2002, recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are presented. Since the publication of the first version of this guideline, a substantial number of new randomized controlled studies of anxiolytics have been published. In particular, more relapse prevention studies are now available that show sustained efficacy of anxiolytic drugs. The recommendations, developed by the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, a consensus panel of 30 international experts, are now based on 510 published randomized, placebo-or comparator-controlled clinical studies (RCTs) and 130 open studies and case reports. First-line treatments for these disorders are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and the calcium channel modulator pregabalin. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are equally effective for some disorders, but many are less well tolerated than the SSRIs/ SNRIs. In treatment-resistant cases, benzodiazepines may be used when the patient does not have a history of substance abuse disorders. Potential treatment options for patients unresponsive to standard treatments are described in this overview. Although these guidelines focus on medications, non-pharmacological were also considered. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and other variants of behaviour therapy have been sufficiently investigated in controlled studies in patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD to support them being recommended either alone or in combination with the above medicines.

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Section: Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other anxiety disorders, a CBT approach to treatment of obsessions and compulsions that includes a strong CR component does lead to significant immediate and long-term symptom reduction (e.g., Freeston et al, 1997;McLean et al, 2001;van Oppen et al, 1995;Whittal, Robichaud, Thordarson, & McLean, 2008;Whittal, Thordarson, & McLean, 2005). Furthermore, it is apparent that CR alone can have a significant treatment effect even in the absence of systematic, intensive ERP (Cottraux et al, 2001;Whittal et al, 2005;Wilson & Chambless, 2005). Although some studies have found CBT equivalent to ERP (Cottraux et al, 2001;Whittal et al, 2005), others reported that intensive ERP alone is more effective than CBT (McLean et al, 2001) or that adding CR to ERP did not significantly improve treatment outcome (O'Connor et al, 2005).…”

Section: Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is apparent that CR alone can have a significant treatment effect even in the absence of systematic, intensive ERP (Cottraux et al, 2001;Whittal et al, 2005;Wilson & Chambless, 2005). Although some studies have found CBT equivalent to ERP (Cottraux et al, 2001;Whittal et al, 2005), others reported that intensive ERP alone is more effective than CBT (McLean et al, 2001) or that adding CR to ERP did not significantly improve treatment outcome (O'Connor et al, 2005). Moreover, Whittal, Woody, McLean, Rachman, and Robichaud (2010) found that CBT and stress management were equally effective in treating individuals who experienced obsessions without overt compulsions.…”

Section: Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Restructuring

Clark¹

2013

The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

119

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Cognitive restructuring is the core therapeutic ingredient of cognitive therapy that was first introduced to the psychotherapy community by A. T. Beck and colleagues. This chapter provides a detailed breakdown and elaboration of cognitive restructuring and how it is implemented to effect symptom change. The nature of cognitive restructuring and its multifaceted therapeutic components are discussed. A critical review of the empirical research on its treatment efficacy is presented, as well as the evidence for cognitive mediation from component and mediation process research. It is concluded that cognitive restructuring is an effective treatment strategy for psychological disorders, especially anxiety and depression. However, superiority to other “less cognitive” interventions has not been demonstrated, even though the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring does occur by inducing cognitive change. Various research issues are raised that would advance a greater understanding of the mechanisms of change associated with cognitive restructuring. With greater knowledge of the change processes that characterize cognitive restructuring, clinicians will be better equipped to employ this powerful therapeutic intervention.

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Treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Cognitive behavior therapy vs. exposure and response prevention

Cited by 320 publications

References 28 publications

Pathways to change in one-session exposure with and without cognitive intervention: An exploratory study in spider phobia

Pathways to change in one-session exposure with and without cognitive intervention: An exploratory study in spider phobia

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders – First Revision

Cognitive Restructuring

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