Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol increases hepatic delta-6 desaturase enzyme expression and docosahexaenoic acid levels in hepatic and plasma phospholipids

Kitson, Alex P.; Marks, Kristin A.; Shaw, Brittany; Mutch, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.05.003

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Due to its similar chemical structure to estradiol, it was shown to exert estrogenic effects in rainbow trout (Latonnelle et al, ). This could be an important characteristic, because genes involved in the biosynthesis of LC‐PUFA such as the delta‐6 desaturase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) seem to be responsive to and activated by estrogen, respectively (Childs et al, ; Kitson et al, , ). In our previous study, equol significantly increased DHA levels in whole body homogenates of rainbow trout (submitted).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues

Fickler

Staats

Michl

et al. 2018

Lipids

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Equol and Ahiflower oil have been shown to increase either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) levels in tissues of rainbow trout when applied individually. Thus, we investigated whether the combination of an Ahiflower oil‐based diet and equol might increase both, EPA and DHA levels, in rainbow trout. Rainbow trout (87.1 ± 0.3 g) were fed with five diets for 8 weeks. A diet based on a blend of fish and vegetable oils (FV) served as a reference diet. The four experimental diets contained a blend of Ahiflower oil and vegetable oils (AV). The AV‐diets were supplemented with equol by 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% DM of the diet (AV‐C, AV‐EQ1, AV‐EQ2, and AV‐EQ3). The dietary treatments did not affect growth performance of fish and chemical nutrient composition of the whole body samples. Fish fed with the equol diets showed dose‐dependently increased liver weights and 18:0 liver levels. The content of EPA showed no consistent pattern between tissues but all AV‐groups were characterized by higher liver EPA values than FV. DHA values of AV‐EQ2 and AV‐EQ3 were similar to FV in fillet, tended to be the highest in the whole body and were significantly higher in liver compared to FV. In contrast, mRNA steady state levels of fatty acyl desaturase 2a (delta‐6) [fads2a(d6)] were not affected by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the combination of dietary Ahiflower oil and equol (0.2% and 0.3%) seems to affect the fatty acid metabolism of rainbow trout positively to increase DHA tissue levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues

Fickler

Staats

Michl

et al. 2018

Lipids

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“…Several reviews [18–20] indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were significantly higher for both endogenous fatty acid composition and conversion from the isotopic precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA). This increase in DHA in females has been reported to be closely related to hormone levels [21–23] probably through an up-regulation of the mRNA expression of FADS2, the gene that encodes the Δ6-desaturase in human primary hepatocytes [24] and in rat liver [25, 26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Lin

Brown

DiMartino

et al. 2016

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Human studies and some animal work have shown more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) was accumulated or converted from precursors in females compared to males. This study explored in-depth the effect of gender on fatty acid composition and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in rats fed one of two well-defined diets containing 10% total fat. One diet contained 15% of linoleic acid (LA) and 3% of α-linolenic acid (ALA) of the total fatty acids (LA+ALA diet), while the other diet contained 15% LA and 0.05% ALA (LA diet). At the age of 20 weeks, all animals were orally administered a single dose of a mixture of deuterium-labeled LA and ALA. Caudal venous blood was then drawn at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h. The concentrations of the deuterated precursors and their metabolites in plasma total lipids were quantified by GC/MS negative chemical ionization. Endogenous fatty acids were quantified by GC/FID analysis. When expressed as the percentage of oral dosage, female rats accumulated more precursors and more products, deuterated DHA and deuterated n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (2H5-DPAn-6), in plasma than did male rats in both the LA+ALA diet and the LA diet. For the endogenous non-labeled PUFA, greater concentrations of DHA and DPAn-6 were similarly observed in female rats compared to males within each diet. A lower concentration of non-labeled ARA was observed only in female rats fed the LA+ALA diet. In summary, greater endogenous and exogenous DHA and DPAn-6 was observed in female rat plasma and this was independent of dietary ALA status.

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“…() and Kitson et al. (). In view of the previously established positive effects of oestrogen supplementation on PUFA content, the increase in ∆5D and ∆6D mRNA expression after ovariectomy could be a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal PUFA values, as well as part of the overall lipogenic effect caused by oestrogen deficiency (D'Eon et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms have still not been completely elucidated (Kelly and Jones, ; Shen and Shi, ). Ovariectomy and orchidectomy are still important experimental models for the study of sex hormone deficiency and its influence on fatty acid metabolism (Perez et al., ; Alessandri et al., ; Kitson et al., ). These investigations are becoming even more interesting in the light of the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, and the recently discovered connection between these diseases and sex hormones and their receptors (Chow et al., ; Høst et al., ; Zhang et al., ; Cai et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex and gonadectomy on hepatic and brain fatty acid composition, lipogenesis and β‐oxidation

Starčević

Filipović

Šperanda

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sex and castration of rats on liver and brain fatty acid profile and liver mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and β-oxidation. Castration significantly increased body weight and liver index and decreased serum triglyceride content in the female rats. The fatty acid composition of the liver tissue was influenced by sex and castration. Male rats had higher content of C16:0, C18:1n7, C18:2n6 and C22:5n3, while female rats had higher content of C18:0, C20:4n6 and C22:6n3. Castration of male rats decreased differences caused by sex for C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and C22:6n3. Values for C16:1n7 were higher in the castrated male rats in comparison with all other groups. Liver phospholipids showed a distribution of fatty acids similar to the total lipids. Brain total lipids and phospholipids were not influenced by sex or castration. Castration increased ∆6D gene expression in both the sexes, while ∆5D and ∆9D increased in females and males respectively. Gonadectomy increased expression of the FASN gene in the females and decreased CPT1 and ACOX1 gene expression in the liver tissue of male rats. The observed results of lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS, were the lowest in the intact females in comparison with all other groups. In conclusion, sex strongly influences both SFA and PUFA in liver tissue, and castration decreases these differences only for PUFA. Castration also influences the expression of the genes involved in lipid metabolism differently in male and female rats, with an increase in lipogenic genes in female rats and a decrease in key genes for mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation in male rats.

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Treatment of ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol increases hepatic delta-6 desaturase enzyme expression and docosahexaenoic acid levels in hepatic and plasma phospholipids

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues

Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

The influence of sex and gonadectomy on hepatic and brain fatty acid composition, lipogenesis and β‐oxidation

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