Treatment of petroleum refinery effluents and wastewater in Iraq: A mini review

Abstract

In the analysis undertaken, we review waste from the crude oil and fuel refining. In addition to petrochemical intermediate products industry in Iraq in petroleum refinery effluents (PRE). The study shows the significant detrimental impacts of the Iraqi refinery effluent pollution. The research illustrated the handling of wastewater in refineries. This study shows that the emissions from Iraqi refineries comes out to the farthest extent. We were often based on environmental toxins such as Couscous Pollutants, Liquid Pollutants and Strong Pollutants in the Southern Refineries. In addition, we follow the forms in which refining waste in Iraq is treated. To date, oil refineries have struggled to meet their commitments effectively while atmospheric regulation in their fields continues to be neglected and environmental protection schemes that contribute to oil pollution mitigations are less regarded. The government, on the other hand, has shown no commitment to enact its minimum environmental legislation. As a consequence, it is clear that the area’s oil and refineries, particularly refineries, have important repercussions for livelihoods and agriculture.

Investigation of the impacts of the industrial effluent on sheep ecology downward Kwashe industrial area, Iraq Kurdistan Region

“…A study by [8] reported that the Petroleum refineries are the main cause of air pollution because they contain huge amounts of hazardous and toxic pollutants such as BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). They also contain particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).…”

“…In addition, solid waste is regarded as one of the least waste oil refineries that discharged into the environment and normally consist of asphalt and wax. Afterwards, this waste is generally disposed across the production units [8].…”

Adsorptive potential of ZnO/SiO2 nanorods prepared via the sol–gel method for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from petroleum refinery wastewater

“…The growing human global population and demand-supply chain for petroleum products coupled with the expansion of petrochemical industries have led to the increasing release of refinery wastewater into the environment. 1 The direct discharge of untreated petroleum wastewater has contaminated surface and groundwater resources with petrochemical products and consequently poses a significant risk to human health as well as animal life. 2,3 It has been reported that ca 3500-5000 L of petroleum wastewater are generated per tonne of crude oil processed.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Liquid-Liquid Extraction Based Systems in Treatment of Textile Wastewater

“…Extracting solvent is recycled for its use in process industries. Sometimes, a mixture of solvents is used as extracting solvent, and such an extraction system is called double-solvent or fractional extraction (27)(28)(29) . Liquid-liquid equilibrium is illustrated in the triangular diagram as the system involves a ternary mixture.…”