Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in the Mare—A Practitioner Survey

Warnakulasooriya, Dinuka N.; Marth, C; McLeod, Jacqueline A.; Hanlon, David; Krekeler, Natali

doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00128

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Immediately after foaling, the placenta should be tangled up by breeders. Mares that step on the placenta may result in a piece of the placenta becoming torn and remaining in the uterus, which causes serious toxicity (Canisso et al, 2013;Hussein et al, 2015;Warnakulasooriya et al, 2018;Schürmann et al, 2019). Furthermore, mares experiencing a retained placenta should get treated in a short period (Vandeplassche et al, 1971;Burden et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Jung

Jang³

et al. 2021

J Anim Reprod Biotechnol

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In horse management, the alarm system with sensors in the foaling period enables the breeder can appropriately prepare the time of the parturition. It is important to prevent losses by unpredictable parturition because there are several high risks such as dystocia and the death of foals and mares during foaling. However, unlike analysis in the alarm system that detects specific motions has been widely performed, analysis of classification following specific behavior patterns or number needs to be more organized. Thus, the objective of this study is to classify signs of the specific behaviors of the mares for the prediction of pre-foaling behaviors. Five Thoroughbred mares (9-20 yrs) were randomly selected for observation of the prefoaling behaviors. The behaviors were monitored for 90 min that was divided into three different periods as 1) from -90 to -60 min, 2) from -60 to -30 min, 3) from -30 min to the time for the discharge of the amniotic fluid, respectively. The behaviors were divided into two different categories as state and frequent behaviors and each specific behavioral pattern for classification was individually described. In the state behaviors, the number of mares in the standing of the foaling group (3.17 ± 0.18 b ) at period 3 was significantly higher than the control group (1.67 ± 0.46 a ). In contrast, the number of the mares in the eating of the foaling group (1.17 ± 0.34 b ) at period 3 was significantly lower than the control group (3.33 ± 0.46 a ). In the frequent behaviors, the weaving of the foaling group was significantly higher than the control group, and looking at the belly of the foaling group was significantly lower than the control group. In period 2, defecation, weaving, and lowering the head of the foaling group were significantly higher than the control group, respectively. In period 3, sitting down and standing up, pawing, weaving, and lowering the head in the foaling group were also significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, the behavior is significantly different in foaling periods, and the prediction of foaling may be feasible by the detection of the pre-foaling behaviors in the mares.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Jung

Jang³

et al. 2021

J Anim Reprod Biotechnol

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“…Thus, a broad overview over the management of equine endometritis in Germany is provided. It is noteworthy that comparable surveys on issues of equine clinical practice such as retained fetal membranes ( 24 ), nasogastric intubation ( 25 ), or management of endometritis ( 22 , 23 ) were completed by a comparable or smaller number of veterinarians. Since the exact number of practitioners working with equines is not gathered in Germany, no statement of the proportion of participants in the survey to the total number of equine practitioners is possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Treatment Practices of Equine Endometritis—A Questionnaire

et al. 2020

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Endometritis is a major cause for impaired fertility in mares. The objectives of this study were to collect information on diagnostic and treatment practices performed by veterinarians and to investigate possible effects of professional experience, caseload, and geographical location on the practitioners' management of endometritis cases. For this purpose, equine practitioners ( n = 680) were asked to fill out an online survey (34 questions). The online survey yielded 117 responses by veterinarians practicing in all parts of Germany. Most respondents came from Lower Saxony and managed <20 mares per year. For the diagnosis of chronic infectious endometritis, uterine sampling for microbiological examination was performed manually with a swab by the majority of practitioners whereas only few used the speculum technique. The incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogens was reported to be <5% by almost all respondents. Most practitioners relied on systemic antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. Only occasionally veterinarians used intrauterine antibiotic therapy. Uterine lavages were performed routinely by almost half of the respondents in case of positive uterine cultures, mostly with 0.9% saline solution. Irritant solutions (e.g., iodine, chlorhexidine, kerosene) were used less often. Collection of an endometrial culture after completion of the treatment was common practice. While only a very limited association of the geographical location of practitioner (e.g., on selection of mares for endometrial culture, p < 0.05) was observed, the number of managed mares affected the answers notably (e.g., for use of irritating intrauterine treatment, p < 0.05). The management of persistent breeding induced endometritis (PBIE) was influenced by the number of managed mares (e.g., for use of oxytocin, p < 0.05) and 29.6% of respondents administered antibiotics as part of their PBIE management. In summary, treatment strategies in the field vary considerably and include also non-evidence-based methods, but most German practitioners apply the recommended suitable treatments. Following the guidelines for antibiotic usage, most veterinarians administer antibiotics dependent on endometrial culture results but do not use cytology, low-volume lavage, or biopsy routinely. Antibiotic resistant uterine pathogens are reported to be isolated infrequently and equine practitioners prefer systemic to local antibiotic treatment of endometritis.

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“…The predisposition to certain diseases clearly differs between Polish draft horses and Konik horses. Polish draft horses, similar to Friesians, suffer from a high incidence of retained fetal membranes [66][67][68]. In Friesians, cows, and humans, this disease is suggested to be genetically inherited; however, no association with specific genes or gene markers has been discovered to date [17,69,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and intrabreed diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in primitive and draft horse breeds

et al. 2020

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BackgroundPolymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes ensures effective immune responses against a wide array of pathogens. However, artificial selection, as performed in the case of domestic animals, may influence MHC diversity. Here, we investigate and compare the MHC diversity of three populations of horses, for which different breeding policies were applied, to evaluate the impact of artificial selection and the environment on MHC polymorphism.

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Treatment of Retained Fetal Membranes in the Mare—A Practitioner Survey

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Classification of behavioral signs of the mares for prediction of the pre-foaling period

Diagnostic and Treatment Practices of Equine Endometritis—A Questionnaire

Inter- and intrabreed diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in primitive and draft horse breeds

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