Treatment of saline aqueous solutions using direct contact membrane distillation

Nghiem, Long D.; Hildinger, Florian; Hai, Faisal I.; Cath, Tzahi Y.

doi:10.5004/dwt.2011.2705

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such feeds might not provide an accurate indication of the capability of the commercial membranes to desalinate seawater. However there are few reported works using real seawater as feed for MD [38][39][40][41], but the obtained flux performances were very low compared to synthetic seawater.…”

Section: Compared To Other Conventional Desalination Processes Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of the DCMD desalination process under bench scale and large scale module operating conditions

Francis

Ghaffour

Alsaadi

et al. 2014

Journal of Membrane Science

126

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The flux performance of different hydrophobic microporous flat sheet commercial membranes made of poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and poly propylene (PP) was tested for Red Sea water desalination using the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process, under bench scale (high ΔT) and large scale module (low ΔT) operating conditions. Membranes were characterized for their surface morphology, water contact angle, thickness, porosity, pore size and pore size distribution. The DCMD process performance was optimized using a locally designed and fabricated module aiming to maximize the flux at different levels of operating parameters, mainly feed water and coolant inlet temperatures at different temperature difference across the membrane (ΔT). Water vapor flux of 88.8 kg/m 2 h was obtained using a PTFE membrane at high ΔT (60 °C). In addition, the flux performance was compared to the first generation of a new locally synthesized and fabricated membrane made of a different class of polymer under the same conditions. A total salt rejection of 99.99% and boron rejection of 99.41% were achieved under the extreme operating conditions. On the other hand, a detailed water characterization revealed that low molecular weight non-ionic molecules (ppb level) were transported with the water vapor molecules through the membrane structure. The membrane which provided the highest flux was then tested under large scale module operating conditions. The average flux of the latter study (low ΔT) was found to be eight times lower than that of the bench scale (high ΔT) operating conditions.

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Section: Compared To Other Conventional Desalination Processes Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of the DCMD desalination process under bench scale and large scale module operating conditions

Francis

Ghaffour

Alsaadi

et al. 2014

Journal of Membrane Science

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is noteworthy that in the single-pass operation, the water recovery rate of the pilot AGMD system was noticeably low (i.e., 5%). Low water recovery rate together with a small concentration polarisation ensured that concentrations of potential scalants, such as CaCO3 and CaSO4 [24,32,33], at the membrane surface were well below their solubility limits. The stable distillate production rate (which indicates the absence of any membrane fouling) observed in this experiment can be also attributed to the low total organic carbon concentration of the seawater feed (i.e., 2 mg/L) and low operating permeate flux (i.e., 1.0 L/m 2 -h).…”

Section: Pilot Agmd Process Of Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating energy consumption of air gap membrane distillation for seawater desalination at pilot scale level

Duong

Cooper

Nelemans³

et al. 2016

Separation and Purification Technology

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166

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This study aimed to optimise an air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system for seawater desalination with respect to distillate production as well as thermal and electrical energy consumption. Pilot evaluation data shows a notable influence of evaporator inlet temperature and water circulation rate on process performance. An increase in both distillate production rate and energy efficiency could be obtained by increasing the evaporator inlet temperature. On the other hand, there was a trade-off between the distillate production rate and energy efficiency when the water circulation rate varied. Increasing the water circulation rate resulted in an improvement in the distillate production rate, but also an increase in both specific thermal and electrical energy consumption. Given the small driving force used in the pilot AGMD, discernible impact of feed salinity on process performance could be observed, while the effects of temperature and concentration polarisation were small. At the optimum operating conditions identified in this study, a stable AGMD operation for seawater desalination could be achieved with specific thermal and electrical energy consumption of 90 and 0.13 kW h/m3, respectively. These values demonstrate the commercial viability of AGMD for smallscale and off-grid seawater desalination where solar thermal or low-grade heat sources are readily available. Abstract: This study aimed to optimise an air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) process for seawater desalination with respect to distillate production as well as thermal and electrical energy consumption. Pilot evaluation data shows a notable influence of evaporator inlet temperature and water circulation rate on process performance. An increase in both distillate production rate and energy efficiency could be obtained by increasing the evaporator inlet temperature. On the other hand, there was a trade-off between the distillate production rate and energy efficiency when the water circulation rate varied. Increasing the water circulation rate resulted in an improvement in the distillate production rate, but also an increase in both specific thermal and electrical energy consumption. Given the small driving force used in the pilot AGMD, discernible impact of feed salinity on process performance could be observed, while the effects of temperature and concentration polarisation were small. At the optimum operating conditions identified in this study, a stable AGMD operation for seawater desalination could be achieved with specific thermal and electrical energy consumption of 90 and 0.13 kWh/m 3 , respectively. These values demonstrate the commercial viability of AGMD for small-scale and off-grid seawater desalination where solar thermal or low-grade heat sources are readily available.

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“…Recent studies reported the feasibility of treating many feed water types using MD such as salty water, impaired water resources, and CSG RO brine [3,9]. Duong et al [3] has successfully demonstrated a pilot-scale study of a spiral-wound air gap MD to treat CSG RO brine with 80% water recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Woo

Kim

Shim

et al. 2016

Journal of Membrane Science

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123

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. (2016). Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 513 74-84.Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation Keywords brine, ro, distillation, treatment, gap, membrane, sheet, flat, pvdf, graphene, air, water, produced, gas, seam AbstractBrine management of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water is a significant concern for the sustainable production of CSG in Australia. Membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential to further reduce the volume of CSG reverse osmosis (RO) brine. However, despite its potential, the lack 2 of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial use. Therefore, this study was aimed on the

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Treatment of saline aqueous solutions using direct contact membrane distillation

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Performance evaluation of the DCMD desalination process under bench scale and large scale module operating conditions

Performance evaluation of the DCMD desalination process under bench scale and large scale module operating conditions

Evaluating energy consumption of air gap membrane distillation for seawater desalination at pilot scale level

Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

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