Treatment of tannery wastewater using “Waste” Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide

Abstract

Waste" Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide sludge from a fertilizer industry has been used for the treatment of tannery wastewater. Parameters studied include agitation time, adsorbent dosage and pH. The efficiency of Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide is compared with a conventional adsorbent, ferric chloride. The per cent removal of color, chromium (III), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, potassium and total solids were 97, 98, 69, 88, 34 and 93, respectively, by 4.0 g of Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide sludge per 100 ml of 1:1 (v/v) wastewater at pH 6.0, adjusted with lime.

Removal of Arsenic(V) from Aqueous Solution Using Industrial Solid Waste: Adsorption Rates and Equilibrium Studies

“…Dry waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was obtained from Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation (SPIC) Ltd., Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. It was ground, washed with distilled water to remove the finest particles, <0.075 mm, and dried at 60 °C for 10 h. Characterization of the adsobent was carried out and reported in our previous paper (Namasivayam and Senthilkumar, 1994) and is reproduced here (Table 1). The adsorbent was screened to get different geometrical sizes such as 0.075-0.150, 0.150-0.250, and 0.250-0.500 mm.…”

“…This waste can be effectively used as a substitute to alum and ferric chloride in water/wastewater treatment processes. "Waste" Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide has been employed for the treatment of wastewaters from industries such as fertilizer (Namasivayam, 1989), dairy (Namasivayam and Ranganathan, 1992), distillery (Namasivayam and Kanagarathinum, 1992), chrome plating Ranganathan, 1993 &, and tannery (Namasivayam and Senthilkumar, 1994), dyeing , nickel plating (Namasivayam and Ranganathan, 1994b), pesticide , radiator (Namasivayam and Ranganathan, 1995a;Namasivayam and Senthilkumar, 1998) and for the removal of toxic ions, dyes (Namasivayam and Senthilkumar, 1995), cadmium (Namasivayam and Ranganathan, 1995b), mixtures of metal ions (Namasivayam and Ranganathan, 1995c), and mercury (Namasivayam and Senthilkumar, 1997).…”

Non‐Conventional Adsorbents for Dye Removal

“…Similar interesting results were reported by Santos et al [83], Fly ash Alizarin Sulfonic 11.21 [98] Fly ash Rhodamine B 10 [165] Fly ash Basic Blue 9 5.57 [166] Fly ash Basic Blue 9 5.52 [149] Fly ash Basic Blue 9 4.6 [167] Leather waste Reactive Red 163 [158] Leather waste Basic Blue 9 80 [158] Metal hydroxide sludge Reactive Blue 19 91 [168] Metal hydroxide sludge Reactive Red 2 62.5 [148] Metal hydroxide sludge Reactive Red 141 56.18 [148] Metal hydroxide sludge Reactive Red 120 48.31 [148] Palm oil mill sludge Basic Blue 9 50.7 [169] Red mud Basic Blue 9 2.49 [155] Red mud Direct Red 28 4.05 [156] Sewage sludge Basic Blue 9 114.9 [47] Sludge waste Bomaplex Red CR-L 192.31 [170] studying the adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 onto a waste metal hydroxide sludge. Another abundant industrial byproduct is red mud [155][156][157]. Although it may contain some hazardous substances, such as heavy metals, it is widely utilized in industry in many countries [149].…”

Characterization of Wastewaters Obtained from Hatay Tanneries

“…Water discharges standards belong to various countries were described in Table 1. In the literature, there are a number of studies for the characterization of tannery wastewaters (Szpyrkowicz et al, 1991;Şengül & Gürel, 1993;Tünay et al, 1994;Namasivayam & Senthilkumar, 1994;Ateş et al, 1997;Bajza & Vrcek, 2001;Cooman et al, 2003;Floqi et al, 2007;Mandi et al, 2009;Jahan et al, 2014;Islam et al, 2014). Furthermore, there are also some reviews releated to tanning processes methods and environmental problems (Thanikaivelan et al, 2005;Covington, 1997).…”