Treatment of urban sludge by hydrothermal carbonization

Xu, Xinhua; Jiang, Enchen

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.174

Cited by 102 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, HTC also produces a very small amount of gas, about 1–3% of the mass of the raw material, which is mainly composed of CO 2 with traces of CO [ 23 ]. Depending on HTC process conditions, oily molecules (water-insoluble) may also be generated in hydrothermal processes [ 68 , 69 ]. Furthermore, on the industrial scale, when steam is used as a heating medium, a condensate rich in volatile organic compounds can be obtained from HTC [ 70 ].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process liquids from HTC are dark in color [ 94 ], a yellowish to dark brownish liquid [ 59 ]. Recently, Xu and Jiang [ 69 ], treating urban sewage sludge, reported that the color can be used as a crucial index to evaluate the purification of the process water, as it can be associated with the dissolution and decomposition of organic matter during HTC. It becomes lighter from black-brown to yellowish-brown with increasing temperature from 180 to 300 °C, respectively, while the content of organic matter decreases.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Water Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Langone

Basso

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an innovative process capable of converting wet biodegradable residues into value-added materials, such as hydrochar. HTC has been studied for decades, however, a lack of detailed information on the production and composition of the process water has been highlighted by several authors. In this paper the state of the art of the knowledge on this by-product is analyzed, with attention to HTC applied to municipal and agro-industrial anaerobic digestion digestate. The chemical and physical characteristics of the process water obtained at different HTC conditions are compared along with pH, color, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and toxic compounds. The possibility of recovering nutrients and other valorization pathways is analyzed and technical feasibility constraints are reported. Finally, the paper describes the main companies which are investing actively in proposing HTC technology towards improving an effective process water valorization.

show abstract

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Water Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Langone

Basso

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The HTC process has proven successful in improving the combustible properties of a wide variety of biomass types, such as jeffrey pine and white fir [12], loblolly pine, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover [13], tomato peel [14], olive residues [15], fecal biomass [16], wheat straw [17], grape pomace [18], urban sludge [19], among others. The use of additives and their influence on the performance of mass and energy yields and carbon content is another relatively unexplored area of the HTC process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of magnesium chloride as an additive of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata sawdust) was studied. The HTC tests were carried out at fixed conditions of temperature and residence time of 220 °C and 1 h, respectively, and varying the dose of magnesium chloride in the range 0.0–1.0 g MgCl2/g biomass. The carbonized product (hydrochar) was tested in order to determine its calorific value (HHV) while using PARR 6100 calorimeter, mass yield by gravimetry, elemental analysis using a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, volatile matter content, and ash content were obtained by standardized procedures using suitable ovens for it. The results show that using a dose of 0.75 g MgCl2/g biomass results in an impact on the mass yield that was almost equal to change operating conditions from 220 to 270 °C and from 0.5 to 1 h, without additive. Likewise, the calorific value increases by 33% for this additive dose, resulting in an energy yield of 68%, thus generating a solid fuel of prominent characteristics.

show abstract

“…This process has been studied by several authors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] even in recent years. The HTC solid product is expected to have different applications, for example for renewable energy production [12,13], as a soil improver and conditioner [14], as a precursor for the production of activated carbons [15], for the generation of nanostructured materials, and many more [16,17]. Hydrochar is a solid carbonaceous material, with physical and chemical characteristics very similar to those of fossil peat and lignite, depending on the applied HTC process conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grape marc is a residue of the wine-making industry, nowadays not always effectively valorized. It consists of grape seeds (mostly lignocellulosic) and grape skins (mostly holocellulosic). In order to understand possible correlations between seeds and skins in forming hydrochar for it to be used as a solid biofuel, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was applied separately to grape marc and its constituents. HTC was performed at several process conditions (temperature: 180, 220 and 250 • C; reaction time: 0.5, 1, 3 and 8 h), in order to collect data on the three phases formed downstream of the process: solid (hydrochar), liquid and gas. An in deep analytical characterization was performed: ultimate analysis and calorific value for hydrochar, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (IPC) analyses for liquid phase, composition for gas phase. In previous works, the same experimental apparatus was used to treat residual biomass, obtaining interesting results in terms of possible hydrochar exploitation as a solid biofuel. Thus, the main objectives of this work were both to get results for validating the hypothesis to apply HTC to this feedstock, and to collect data for subsequent theoretical investigations. Moreover, a severity model was developed to allow a predictive description of the hydrochar yield as a function of a unique parameter condensing both temperature and reaction time effects. The results obtained demonstrate that this process can upgrade wet residues into a solid biofuel ad that the process can be satisfactorily described in terms of a severity factor.

show abstract

Treatment of urban sludge by hydrothermal carbonization

Cited by 102 publications

References 26 publications

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

In Deep Analysis on the Behavior of Grape Marc Constituents during Hydrothermal Carbonization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About