Treatment of whey effluents from dairy industries by nanofiltration membranes

Cheese whey management: A review

“…Membrane processes present some advantages, namely, the reduction of wastewater production with the possibility of reuse and production of a clean effluent (Minhalma et al, 2007). Processes like microfiltration-MF (Pereira et al, 2002;Rektor and Vatai, 2004;Souza et al, 2010), ultrafiltration-UF (CuartasUribe et al, 2006Domingues et al, 1999;Giacomo et al, 1997;Rektor and Vatai, 2004;Souza et al, 2010;Suárez et al, 2006;Yorgun et al, 2008), nanofiltration-NF (Alkhatim et al, 1998;Cuartas-Uribe et al, 2006Minhalma et al, 2007;Suárez et al, 2006;Yorgun et al, 2008), and reverse osmosis-RO (Giacomo et al, 1997;Re et al, 1998;Yorgun et al, 2008) have been widely reported with protein retentions in the ranges: 28e85, 56e81, 87e100, and 94e96%, respectively. Table 8 depicts some membrane processes applied to CW and SCW effluents.…”

Studies on nanofiltration membrane formed by diisocyanate cross-linking of quaternized chitosan on poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) support

“…The charged NF membranes reject some organic substances and high-valence ions due to sieving effect and static electrification, which have been applied widely in industrial fields such as the purification of drinking water and life wastewater [1][2][3], the treatment of industrial [4][5][6], the separation of substances, etc. [7,8].…”

Nanofiltration – Theory and Application

“…Whey can be processed to extract amino acids, lactose, lipids, and proteins for various products, or concentrated and/or evaporated to produce animal feed or whey powders for use in a variety of end-products [145,148]. Because production of animal feed and whey powder requires concentration and partial demineralization of the various types of whey (e.g., acid whey, salty whey, sweet whey), NF has been employed for whey processing due to selective passage of monovalent ions and high organic rejection [12,[148][149][150]. Past work has demonstrated that NF operated in diafi ltration mode can achieve similar whey concentration and demineralization as commonly employed methods that use RO or evaporation followed by electrodialysis or ion-exchange, but at lower capital and operating costs [148,151].…”