“…In many cases, along with rising air temperatures, a reduction in human pressure has also contributed to recent forest recolonization (Ameztegui, Coll, Brotons, & Ninot, 2015; Camarero & Gutiérrez, 2007; Gehrig‐Fasel, Guisan, & Zimmermann, 2007; Harsch et al., 2009; Körner, 2012; Vitali, Camarero, Garbarino, Piermattei, & Urbinati, 2017; Vitali et al., 2019). Unravelling current forest dynamics is challenging since the impacts of climatic and anthropogenic drivers are hard to distinguish due to both the absence of precise records (Piovesan, 2019; Piovesan et al, 2019) and the presence of cascading effects resulting from climate–human feedbacks (Buma, 2015). However, disentangling the strength of each driver is key to forecasting future changes in forest structure, composition, and treeline shifts (Camarero et al., 2017; Carlson et al., 2014).…”