“…The effects of climate change on radial growth are complex, due to spatial heterogeneity and varied responses between different tree species ( Graumlich, 1993 ; Camarero et al., 2018 ; Wang and Yang, 2021 ). Furthermore, radial growth trends of the same tree species can be spatially variable ( Danek et al., 2017 ; Song et al., 2020 ), reflecting local environmental differences such as slope, elevation, and moisture gradients ( Liang et al., 2006 ; Kharal et al., 2014 ; Touchan et al., 2016 ; Klippel et al., 2017 ; Griesbauer et al., 2021 ; Du et al., 2022 ; Guerrero-Hernandez et al., 2022 ). However, the influences of local environment, regional climate and different tree species on radial growth are often neglected in large-scale and multi-species dendroclimatic or biomass-modeling studies.…”