Trehalose coated nanocellulose to inhibit the infections by S. aureus

Abstract

Preventing bacterial infection by using antiadhesive compounds is one alternative to antibiotic treatment. Trehalose based polymers can serve as an antiadhesive agent that are selective to bacteria as trehalose is...

Synthesis and Application of Trehalose Materials

“…Quantum mechanical calculations confirmed that each isomer maintained the clam shell conformation, important for the stabilizing properties of trehalose. 59 Stenzel and co-workers also exploited the high chain-end retention of RAFT polymerization to design and synthesize polymer–gold nanoparticle (AuNP) 69 or polymer-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) 70 constructs to inhibit microbial adhesion. In the first case, acetylated trehalose acrylate was prepared in three steps with a modest 7% overall yield.…”

“… Schematic illustration of (a) surface modification of CNFs with poly(trehalose acrylate) via Passerini reaction. Reproduced from ref ( 70 ) with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Synthesis of block copolymers via RAFT polymerization chain extension.…”

“…In the pursuit of detecting and treating bacterial infections, trehalose polymers have been incorporated into nanoparticles encapsulating iron oxide, 121 poly(trehalose acrylate) AuNPs, 69 or CNFs. 70 As trehalose is a key component of the cell wall and glycolipids of some organisms, some bacteria, including mycobacteria, have lectins that will specifically bind to trehalose. Based on an earlier iteration of iron oxide nanoparticles directly incorporating trehalose that interacted strongly with Mycobacterium smegmatis , 122 researchers synthesized iron oxide encapsulated pendant trehalose poly(lactic acid) polymer micelle nanoparticles.…”

“…Using similar trehalose–lectin interactions, it was possible to reduce bacterial infection by grafting a RAFT polymerized poly(trehalose acrylate) to AuNPs by thiol–gold interaction 69 or to CNFs using aldehyde-functionalized poly(trehalose) via Passerini reaction. 70 The trehalose nanoparticles prevented HUVECs from being infected with Staphylococcus aureus by preferentially binding with HUVEC lectins, thereby inhibiting the first step in bacterial infection, i.e., adhesion via lectin-glycan bonding. Trehalose-coated AuNPs and CNFs were found to be noncytotoxic up to 0.75 and 0.50 mg/mL, respectively, for either mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells or HUVECs.…”

Structurally analogous trehalose and sucrose glycopolymers – comparative characterization and evaluation of their effects on insulin fibrillation

“…These include the use of trehalose glycopolymers as excipients providing enzyme stabilization under stress conditions 8,9 or allowing direct writing of protein patterns by electron-beam lithography, 10 as alternatives to PEGylation of therapeutic proteins, 11,12 inhibitors of amyloid fibrillogenesis, [13][14][15] and protein stabilizing and releasing smart (nano)hydrogels. [16][17][18] Trehalose incorporation has also been found to impart beneficial characteristics to macromolecular non-viral transfection agents such as pDNA, 19 cryopreservatives, 20 anti-adhesives to inhibit bacterial infections 21,22 and hydrogel matrices for 3D cell culture. 23,24 The activity of trehalose glycopolymers is usually investigated in the context of structural differences in these macromolecules, including the length of the linker structure between the trehalose moiety and the polymer chain, 14 the type of trehalose functionalization, 8 the position of functional group(s) on trehalose, 9 macromolecular topology, 25 molecular weight, 26 or the ratio of sugar to non-sugar moieties.…”