Trench Fever

Vinson, Jake; G, Varela; Molina_Pasquel, Claudio

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.713

Cited by 56 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Several experiments demonstrated that trench fever could be induced in human volunteers [134] and rhesus monkeys [99] by injection of cultured B. quintana . Experiments also revealed that the trench fever agent was not transmitted transovarially to the offspring of infected lice [25].…”

Section: Adaptation Of Bartonella Species To the Arthropod Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following intra-rectal inoculation of laboratory-reared lice, Vinson et al. [134] demonstrated viable B. quintana in the louse gut lumen. Furthermore, B. quintana was also visualized in feces collected from lice feeding on an infected patient for xenodiagnostic purposes [134].…”

Section: Adaptation Of Bartonella Species To the Arthropod Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[134] demonstrated viable B. quintana in the louse gut lumen. Furthermore, B. quintana was also visualized in feces collected from lice feeding on an infected patient for xenodiagnostic purposes [134]. Lice fed on human blood need to feed every day and generally feed at least 5 times a day [107].…”

Section: Adaptation Of Bartonella Species To the Arthropod Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation ofBartonellaspecies to their hosts and vectors

et al. 2009

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Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause characteristic host-restricted hemotropic infections in mammals and are typically transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. In the mammalian reservoir, these bacteria initially infect a yet unrecognized primary niche, which seeds organisms into the blood stream leading to the establishment of a long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia as the hall-mark of infection. Bacterial type IV secretion systems, which are supra-molecular transporters ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation systems, represent crucial pathogenicity factors that have contributed to a radial expansion of the Bartonella lineage in nature by facilitating adaptation to unique mammalian hosts. On the molecular level, the type IV secretion system VirB/VirD4 is known to translocate a cocktail of different effector proteins into host cells, which subvert multiple cellular functions to the benefit of the infecting pathogen. Furthermore, bacterial adhesins mediate a critical, early step in the pathogenesis of the bartonellae by binding to extracellular matrix components of host cells, which leads to firm bacterial adhesion to the cell surface as a prerequisite for the efficient translocation of type IV secretion effector proteins. The best-studied adhesins in bartonellae are the orthologous trimeric autotransporter adhesins, BadA in Bartonella henselae and the Vomp family in Bartonella quintana. Genetic diversity and strain variability also appear to enhance the ability of bartonellae to invade not only specific reservoir hosts, but also accidental hosts, as shown for B. henselae. Bartonellae have been identified in many different blood-sucking arthropods, in which they are typically found to cause extracellular infections of the mid-gut epithelium. Adaptation to specific vectors and reservoirs seems to be a common strategy of bartonellae for transmission and host diversity. However, knowledge regarding arthropod specificity/restriction, the mode of transmission, and the bacterial factors involved in arthropod infection and transmission is still limited.

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Section: Adaptation Of Bartonella Species To the Arthropod Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation Of Bartonella Species To the Arthropod Vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation ofBartonellaspecies to their hosts and vectors

et al. 2009

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“…In a recent analysis, 33.3% of body lice recovered from infested homeless individuals in California had PCR-detectable B. quintana DNA, underscoring the high prevalence of this potentially fatal bacterium in the human environment [3]. B. quintana bacteria colonize the louse alimentary tract and establish a life-long commensal relationship within the gut of the body louse, enabling a single louse to infect multiple humans [4]. After introduction into the human host, B. quintana can persist in the normally sterile bloodstream for weeks or months [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella quintana Deploys Host and Vector Temperature-Specific Transcriptomes

et al. 2013

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The bacterial pathogen Bartonella quintana is passed between humans by body lice. B. quintana has adapted to both the human host and body louse vector niches, producing persistent infection with high titer bacterial loads in both the host (up to 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) and vector (more than 108 CFU/ml). Using a novel custom microarray platform, we analyzed bacterial transcription at temperatures corresponding to the host (37°C) and vector (28°C), to probe for temperature-specific and growth phase-specific transcriptomes. We observed that transcription of 7% (93 genes) of the B. quintana genome is modified in response to change in growth phase, and that 5% (68 genes) of the genome is temperature-responsive. Among these transcriptional changes in response to temperature shift and growth phase was the induction of known B. quintana virulence genes and several previously unannotated genes. Hemin binding proteins, secretion systems, response regulators, and genes for invasion and cell attachment were prominent among the differentially-regulated B. quintana genes. This study represents the first analysis of global transcriptional responses by B. quintana. In addition, the in vivo experiments provide novel insight into the B. quintana transcriptional program within the body louse environment. These data and approaches will facilitate study of the adaptation mechanisms employed by Bartonella during the transition between human host and arthropod vector.

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“…Louseborne B . quintana causes trench fever, aseptic meningitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, or bacillary angiomatosis ( 4 , 7 – 9 ). Recently isolated cases of infection with B .…”

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confidence: 99%