“…The primary metrics considered in trench etching include a high etching rate even for ultrahigh-aspect-ratio features and control of trench taper angles to very tight limits. Figure 16 shows features of the trench capacitor used in the 256Mb DRAM chip developed by IBM, Siemens, and Toshiba [3,38]. After trench etching, the trench depth d is ~8 /u,m, comprising an upper portion of depth d, and a bottom portion of depth d^ In a top-down view, the trench is oval in shape, with a width w being 0.34 /am and a length / being 0.56 /j,m.…”