Trend of estimated actual evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2002

Gao, Ge; Chen, Deliang; Xu, Chong‐Yu; Simelton, Elisabeth

doi:10.1029/2006jd008010

Cited by 212 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It can be concluded that all five reanalysis data sets reasonably reproduce the spatial patterns of AE. Similar analysis of AE over China using the water balance methodology [Gao et al, 2007] has also demonstrated this result.…”

Section: 1002/2014jd023040supporting

confidence: 55%

“…In general, RE in North and Northeast China is nearly uniform, which ranges from 1 mm d À1 in the western part to nearly 3 mm d À1 near the Bohai Sea coast. The highest is NCEP-R1, which is much larger than the values given by Gao et al [2007]. However, the higher deviations in spatial variability and the amount of RE can be found in northwest China.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variation Of Reanalysis Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Conversely, negative correlation between air temperature and RE dominates in nonhumid regions over China. This could be largely due to the limit of water supply conditions Gao et al, 2007]. The low available water in nonhumid regions led to the consequent reduction in evaporative cooling and in turn causes higher temperature.…”

Section: 1002/2014jd023040mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in determining factors affecting PE and AE over China have been analyzed in many studies [Cong et al, 2009;Gao et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2004]. Overall, AE from land surfaces is fundamentally determined by the availability of water and energy.…”

Section: 1002/2014jd023040mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of AE can differ substantially between these three approaches because of their use of different input data . Trends in AE estimated through different methods have been analyzed for many regions, resulting in differing conclusions [Gao et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2011;. As a result, AE variability over China under climate warming and its association with PE remain to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Feng

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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With the motivation to identify actual evapotranspiration (AE) variability under climate warming over China, an assessment is made from five sets of reanalysis data sets [National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR), NCEP-Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), Interim Reanalysis, and Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55)]. Based on comparison with AE estimates calculated using the Budyko equation, all five reanalysis data sets reasonably reproduce the spatial patterns of AE over China, with a clearly southeast-northwest gradient. Overall, JRA-55 (NCEP-DOE) gives the lowest (highest) reanalysis evaporation (RE) values. From 1979 to 2013, dominant modes of RE among five reanalyses are extracted using multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. Accordingly, the interdecadal variation of RE is likely driven by the change of temperature, and the interannual variation is constrained by the water supply conditions. Under climate warming, RE increase in the Northwest China, Yangtze-Huaihe river basin, and South China, while they decrease in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and northern and Northeast China. Moreover, the relationship between RE and pan evaporation (PE) are comprehensively evaluated in space-time. Negative correlations are generally confirmed in nonhumid environments, while positive correlations exist in the humid regions. Our analysis supports the interpretation that the relationship between PE and AE was complementary with water control and proportional with energy control. In view of data availability, important differences in spatial variability and the amount of RE can be found in Northwest China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the Yangtze River Basin. Generally speaking, NCEP-NCAR and MERRA have substantial problems on describing the long-term change of RE; however, there are some inaccuracies in the JRA-55 estimates when focusing on the year-to-year variation.

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Section: 1002/2014jd023040supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Spatial and Temporal Variation Of Reanalysis Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: 1002/2014jd023040mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1002/2014jd023040mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Feng

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Positive or negative correlation between actual and potential evaporation? Evaluating using a nonlinear complementary relationship model

Han

Tian

2014

Water Resour. Res.

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Understanding whether a positive or negative correlation between actual (E) and potential (E p ) evaporation is of great importance in detecting changes of E from E p . In this study, such correlation was evaluated via the linear regression slope (k) between E and E p derived from a nonlinear complementary relationship model. k varies with the relative degree of variability in the radiation term (E rad ) and aerodynamic term (E aero ) of E p , and is further affected by water availability. The sign of k is always positive under conditions with high E rad variability but at the same time with low E aero variability (commonly true on an hourly basis). Under conditions with high E aero variability but at the same time with low E rad variability, the sign of k tends to change from negative to positive with more readily water availability. On a daily or annual basis, the sign of k would be related with water availability. Under water-limited conditions, the E aero variability is more significant than the E rad variability, and negative k is expected. Under energy-limited conditions, the E rad variability is compared to or even much obvious than the E aero variability, and positive k is expected. This implies a negative correlation between E and E p under water-limited conditions but a positive correlation under energylimited conditions on the daily or annual basis. The above analysis is confirmed in a grassland site in Northeast China at daily and half-hourly time scales. The correlation between annual E and E p over China was evaluated using data of 690 meteorological stations from 1956 to 2005. The k values change from negative in arid regions to positive in humid regions. According to k and the decreasing trends in annual E p , it is deduced that E increased for most stations in arid regions but decreased for most stations in humid regions.

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Seasonal evapotranspiration changes (1983–2006) of four large basins on the Tibetan Plateau

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

JGR Atmospheres

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Lack of reliable historical basin-scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates is a bottleneck for water balance analyses and model evaluation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study looks at four large basins on the TP to develop a general approach suitable for large river basins to estimate historical monthly ET. Five existing global ET products are evaluated against monthly ET estimated by the water balance method as a residual from precipitation (P), terrestrial water storage change (ΔS), and discharge (R). The five ET products exhibit similar seasonal variability, despite of the different amounts among them. A bias correction method, based on the probability distribution mapping between the reference ET and the five products during 2003-2012, effectively removes nearly all biases and significantly increases the reliability of the products. Then, the surface water balance changes for the four basins are analyzed based on the corrected ET products as well as observed P and R during . A trend analysis shows an upward trend for ET in the four basins for all seasons during the past three decades, along with the regional warming, as well as a dominating increasing trend in P and negative trend in R.

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Trend of estimated actual evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2002

Cited by 212 publications

References 38 publications

Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Positive or negative correlation between actual and potential evaporation? Evaluating using a nonlinear complementary relationship model

Seasonal evapotranspiration changes (1983–2006) of four large basins on the Tibetan Plateau

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