Trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries

Abstract

The article discusses the trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries. Waves and types of emigration from Tajikistan, adaptation of emigrants from Tajikistan to OECD countries. As well as the migration policy of the OECD countries in relation to immigrants from Tajikistan. Tajik labor migrants are becoming increasingly brighter than the prospect of getting a job not only in the CIS countries, but also in Europe, Asia and North America, where working conditions are better, and wages are much higher than in Russia and Kazakhstan. The OECD countries can rightfully be considered as new directions of Tajik emigration. An important feature of the tendency and strategy of labor emigration as a result of our research would be to note the combination of educational and vocational qualifications, resettlement and seasonal labor, labor migration - mostly unskilled and skilled with retraining and internship of labor migration from Tajikistan. Adaptation of immigrants is accompanied by some difficulties. The main one is job searches, which usually take several months. For the most part, the emigrants of Tajikistan consider Eastern Europe and Greece as countries of temporary residence, their main goal being moving to Western Europe (Austria, Germany, Scandinavian countries, etc.). There are cases of intentional destruction of their passports by Tajik migrants when they move to Germany with subsequent appeal to the authorities under the guise of refugees from Afghanistan, since both Tajiks and Afghans speak Farsi (Dari) to receive refugee status and corresponding benefits in Germany. In the OECD countries, new Tajik communities are being formed, which may become, in the near future, networks of attraction for new migrants from Tajikistan.

Socio-economic development of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

“…GBAO is the most sparsely populated region of the Republic of Tajikistan, where in 2019 there were 228.9 thousand people, and accounts for 2.5% of the total population of the Republic. In the same year, 1869 people were in migration, and, as a rule, the countries of destination of migrants are Russia, Canada, the USA (labor migrants) and some European countries (mainly educational migrants) (Rakhmonov, Manshin, 2019). After the collapse of the Soviet Union and as a result of the civil war, many residents of GBAO emigrated to Russia in search of a better life.…”