Trends in allergic contact sensitization

Gollhausen, R.; Enders, F.; Przybilla, Bernhard; Burg, Günter; Ring, J

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb04501.x

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There is agreement that the most important risk for sensitization is prolonged contact with nickel-containing jewellery or other metal objects on the skin [4], In addition, besides exposure to metals in the household occupational exposure must also be considered especially in carpenters, electricians, painters and plumbers 15]. Whereas the incidence of contact sensitization to nickel during the 1980s increased among a German study popula tion [6], the sensitization rates decreased distinctly after 1990 in our patients. This decrease in the nickel and also in the cobalt sensitization rates during the last 5 years might be explained by a reduction of nickel and cobalt alloying especially in imitation jewellery and household metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sensitizations to Allergens of the European Standard Series at the Department of Dermatology in Zurich 1990–1994

Bangha

Elsner

1996

Dermatology

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Background: For planning and evaluation of preventive activities against contact dermatitis, it is important to detect trends in contact sensitization. Objective and Methods: We performed a computer-aided analysis of the patch test results of 5,565 patients tested with the European standard allergens consecutively from 1990 to 1994 in our patch test clinic. Results: The male/female ratio was 42.4/57.6%. Sixty-one percent of the patients were < 45 years. Hands, face and lower legs were the major localizations of eczema. The largest occupational groups were office workers (21%), houseworkers and cleaning personnel (18%) and pensioners (10%). The highest sensitization rates were found for nickel (18.5%) and fragrance mix (9.6%). An increase of sensitizations to fragrance mix and balsam of Peru in both sexes and a decrease in nickel and cobalt sensitizations for females and potassium dichromate reactions for males were observed. Conclusion: Our data show considerable changes in the frequency of contact sensitizations that warrant further analytic studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Sensitizations to Allergens of the European Standard Series at the Department of Dermatology in Zurich 1990–1994

Bangha

Elsner

1996

Dermatology

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“…Neomycin and bacitracin are both used in impetigo but are associated with significant rates of cutaneous sensitisation and can cause subsequent allergic reactions if used topically and systemically [24,25].…”

Section: Neomycin and Bacitracinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current options for the treatment of impetigo in children

Sladden¹,

Johnston²

2005

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Impetigo contagiosa is a common, superficial, bacterial infection of the skin characterised by an inflamed and infected epidermis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes or both. The less common bullous impetigo is characterised by fragile fluid-filled vesicles and flaccid blisters, and is invariably caused by pathogenic strains of S. aureus. In bullous impetigo, exfoliative toxins are produced, although these are restricted to the area of infection and bacteria can be cultured from the blister contents. In the rare variant, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, the exfoliative toxins are spread haematogenously from a localised source causing widespread epidermal damage at distant sites.

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“…Neomycin and bacitracin (Cicatrin ® , GlaxoSmithKline) are both used in BI but are associated with significant rates of cutaneous sensitization and can cause subsequent allergic reactions if used topically and systemically [22,23].…”

Section: Neomycin and Bacitracinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of bullous impetigo and the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in infants

Johnston¹

2004

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Impetigo is a common, superficial, bacterial infection of the skin characterized by an inflamed and infected epidermis. The rarer variant, bullous impetigo, is characterized by fragile fluid-filled vesicles and flaccid blisters and is invariably caused by pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Bullous impetigo is at the mild end of a spectrum of blistering skin diseases caused by a staphylococcal exfoliative toxin that, at the other extreme, is represented by widespread painful blistering and superficial denudation (the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome). In bullous impetigo, the exfoliative toxins are restricted to the area of infection, and bacteria can be cultured from the blister contents. In staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome the exfoliative toxins are spread hematogenously from a localized source causing widespread epidermal damage at distant sites. Both occur more commonly in children under 5 years of age and particularly in neonates. It is important to swab the skin for bacteriological confirmation and antibiotic sensitivities and, in the case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, to identify the primary focus of infection. Topical therapy should constitute either fusidic acid (Fucidin, Leo Pharma Ltd) as a first-line treatment, or mupirocin (Bactroban, GlaxoSmithKline) in proven cases of bacterial resistance. First-line systemic therapy is oral or intravenous flucloxacillin (Floxapen, GlaxoSmithKline). Nasal swabs from the patient and immediate relatives should be performed to identify asymptomatic nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. In the case of outbreaks on wards and in nurseries, healthcare professionals should also be swabbed.

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Trends in allergic contact sensitization

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Sensitizations to Allergens of the European Standard Series at the Department of Dermatology in Zurich 1990–1994

Sensitizations to Allergens of the European Standard Series at the Department of Dermatology in Zurich 1990–1994

Current options for the treatment of impetigo in children

Treatment of bullous impetigo and the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in infants

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