Trends in blood pressure and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Japan: reinvestigation in the 8th year after the Intersalt Study

Nakagawa, Hideaki; Morikawa, Yuko; Okayama, Akira; Fujita, Yukari; Yoshida, Yumi; Mikawa, K; Sakata, Kouichi; Ishizaki, Masao; Miura, Katsuyuki; Naruse, Yuchi; Kagamimori, Sadanobu; Hashimoto, Tomoko; Ueshima, Hirotsugu

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000915

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1,2 Focusing on dietary advice for individuals, salt reduction is very difficult to achieve without knowing the daily salt intake of each patient. For the evaluation of salt intake, an estimation based on sodium (Na) content in 24-h pooled urine is reliable and has been used in many clinical trials, [3][4][5][6] but this method is difficult to perform in outpatients in daily medical practice. In contrast, the evaluation of salt intake using the Na concentration in a spot urine sample is very easy to perform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Hirota¹,

Sadanaga

Mitamura

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary salt restriction is recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and heart failure as well as in the general population. However, salt reduction is very difficult without knowing the daily salt intake of individual patients. A total of 524 subjects (72 ± 10 year old, 246 female) who visited an outpatient cardiology clinic were included in this study. Daily dietary salt intake was estimated based on the sodium and creatinine concentrations of spot urine at the time of enrollment and during follow-up for 8-26 weeks. The attending physicians explained the individual data to the patients and encouraged them to reduce their salt intake through simple counseling. The baseline estimated salt excretion was 9.6 ± 2.7 (range: 3.5-22.1) g per day, which decreased to 8.7 ± 2.3 (3.7-18.0) g per day during follow-up. The systolic blood pressure decreased from 127.0±15.4 (range: 80-170) to 125.6±14.5 (80-172) mm Hg (P ¼ 0.026), and the diastolic blood pressure decreased from 73.4 ± 11.0 (range: 40-106) to 71.5 ± 10.8 (50-102) mm Hg (Po0.001). In conclusion, the estimation of salt intake by spot urine was a useful method for motivating patients to reduce their salt intake; however, achieving salt reduction to the level recommended by the guideline could be a challenge.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Hirota¹,

Sadanaga

Mitamura

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22 This methodology has been described previously. 21 The same three centres serving three districts in Japan were used as the basis for the new study. Detailed characteristics of these districts, Osaka, Tochigi and Toyama, were described in a previous study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed characteristics of these districts, Osaka, Tochigi and Toyama, were described in a previous study. 21 To summarise, 200 people with complete measurements were recruited from each centre from each of eight sex-age strata. Within each stratum, a total of 25 people were selected at random, with one extra person selected in case one subject failed to make their appointment or to complete the 24-h urine collection procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 One of the main aims of this reinvestigation was to investigate the trends of blood pressure and intake of these electrolytes on which we have already reported. 21 Another aim was to investigate the factors related to blood pressure by adding 24-h recall for estimation of dietary intake, because some minerals like calcium are estimated better by dietary data than urinary excretion measurement.…”

Section: -19mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A cross-sectional study on association of calcium intake with blood pressure in Japanese population

et al. 2002

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the association of calcium intake independently of other nutrients already known as predictors of hypertension, a cross-sectional study was carried out on the same population in Japan as used for the INTERSALT study. Dietary calcium intake was estimated from a 1-day 24-h recall. Sodium and potassium intakes were evaluated by 24-h urinary excretion. Data from 476 subjects aged 20-59 years, 230 men and 246 women, were analysed. The mean dietary calcium intake ranged from 557 to 608 mg/day among men, and from 528 to 639 mg/day among women. Among men, the pooled estimate of the regression coefficients of blood pressure (mm Hg) per 100 mg increase of calcium intake, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), were −0.42 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and −0.35 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but

show abstract

“…Sodium: 1,000 mg = 43.5 mmol *n not reported †Takemori (1997; cited by Nakagawa et al, 1999) hypothesized that the rise in sodium intake observed in the 1990s was an artefact due to a revision to the food composition tables in 1988. ‡In 1995 the survey changed from a 3-day semi-weighed record to a 1-day semi-weighed record.…”

Section: -89mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

Croxford

Waisman

2013

Cell Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest to the medical research community with the publication of Dahl's famous graph showing a positive straightline relationship of dietary sodium intake to prevalence of hypertension. At that time populations were identified around the world with vastly different sodium intakes (and rates of hypertension) ranging up to about 10.6 g/d sodium (460 mmol/d) in north-east Japan. Dietary survey methods tend to underestimate sodium intakes and timed 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is considered the "gold standard" method to estimate intake (some 85-90% of ingested sodium is excreted through the kidneys). However, there is also some evidence to suggest that spot ( Belgium and Japan where there have been public health campaigns to lower sodium in the community, for the most part mean sodium intakes have not changed much over the past 20 or more years. Sodium intakes tend to be higher in men than women, reflecting their higher food and energy intakes. Data in children and young people suggest higher intakes in boys than girls and at older ages in both sexes, but there are serious methodological difficulties in obtaining reliable and valid dietary data in this age group. For all countries for which recent data are available, dietary sodium intakes are much higher than the physiological need of 10-20 mmol/d (230-460 mg/d). In industrialized countries, about 75% of sodium in the diet comes from manufactured foods and foods eaten away from home. Some children's foods are extremely high in sodium. In Asian countries, high proportions of sodium in the diet come from salt added in cooking and from sauces such as soy and miso (in Japan).Representative samples of around 100 people (200 if men and women are to be considered separately), each providing a single timed 24-hour collection of urine for the estimation of sodium, would be required to monitor sodium intake in the community with a 95% confidence limit about the mean of c. +/-12 mmol/d. Much larger samples might be needed if greater precision is required.3

show abstract

Trends in blood pressure and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Japan: reinvestigation in the 8th year after the Intersalt Study

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

A cross-sectional study on association of calcium intake with blood pressure in Japanese population

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About