Trends in inbreeding in Dutch Black and White dairy cattle

Braake, M. F. H. te; Groen, A.F.; Lugt, A.W. van der

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1994.tb00474.x

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The frequency of inbreeding coefficients changed, as shown in Figure 2. In 1960, there were more than 80% non‐inbred animals; this trend is similar to that in the Jersey breed, as reported by M iglior et al (1992) and the Dutch Black and White dairy cattle, as reported be T e B raake et al (1994). The proportion decreased, and in 1970 only 20% of the animals were non‐inbred and none remained in 1980 and 1990.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The average inbreeding coefficient in the Japanese Brown in 1990 (5.43%) was higher than those reported for foreign breeds; examples include 3.25% for males and 3.62% for females in 1987 in Brazil Gir cattle (Q ueiroz and L ôbo 1993), 1.9% for bulls and 1.7% for cows born from 1986 to 1990 in the Canadian Holstein (M iglior and B urnside 1995), 5.3% in the Haflinger Horse, 2.3% in the Bavarian Draft Horse, 2.9% in the Trotter FRG Horse, 3.8% in the Brown Swiss, 4.1% in the US Holstein (all relative to populations c.1900, cited in P irchner 1983), 0.26% for bulls in the Brown Swiss in the USA (H udson and van V leck 1984), 2.0% in 1987 in the American Holstein ( van R aden 1992) and Δ F ST 0.2 esp. 0.1 in Dutch Black and White and Dutch Friesians per year (T e B raake et al 1994). The reasons for the high inbreeding coefficient in the Japanese Brown should be due to them being kept as a closed and small population for a long time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population structure of the Japanese Brown breed

Ibi

Moriya

Matsumoto³

et al. 1997

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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The population structure of the Japanese Brown in Kumamoto Prefecture was investigated with pedigree analysis. Two hundred heifers were randomly sampled, in 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990. Population genetic parameters, i.e. F-statistics, index of subdivision, generation interval, effective population size, and effective number of sires, were estimated. The effective number of sires decreased, most dramatically, from 1970 to 1980. The average inbreeding coefficient (F(IT) ) increased, from 0.64% in 1960 to 5.43% in 1990. F(ST) increased in parallel with F(IT) , while F(IS) remained low. From 1960 to 1980, the index of diversity showed a decreasing trend, but this improved a little, with the index at 1.1 in 1990. The generation interval tended to be longer year by year, and was 5.52 during 1980-90. On the other hand, N(e) decreased, from 724.6 before 1960 to 40.1 at the present. The population structure of the Japanese Brown is not problematical at present, when considering F(IT) , but the irreversible inbreeding coefficient (F(ST) ) increases constantly. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Untersuchungen der Populationsstruktur der japanischen braunen Rasse Die Populationsstruktur in der Kumamotopräfektur wurde an Hand einer Pedigreeanalyse untersucht. Zweihundert Kalbinnen wurden in den Jahren 1960, 1970, 1980 und 1990 zufällig ausgewählt und populationsgenetische Parameter F-Werte, Index der Unter-teilung und genetisch wirksame Zahl von Stieren geschätzt. Die wirksame Zahl von Vatertieren hat abgenommen, wobei das am stärksten zwischen 1970 und 1980 vor sich gegangen ist. Der durchschnittliche Inzuchtkoeffizient (F(IT) ) zeigte Zunahme von 0, 64% im Jahr 1960 auf 5, 43% im Jahr 1990. F(ST) nahm parallel mit F(IT) zu, während F(IS) nieder geblieben ist. Von 1960 bis 1980 zeigte der Diversitätsindex eine abnehmende Tendenz, hat aber später etwas zugenommen, wobei der Index im Jahr 1990 1, 1 erreicht hat. Die Populationsstruktur des japanischen Braunviehs ist derzeit keinen alarmierenden Status, aber F(ST) steigt kontinuierlich an.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of the Japanese Brown breed

Ibi

Moriya

Matsumoto³

et al. 1997

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…The trend of inbreeding in a population should be estimated only when individuals have sufficient ancestral generations. In pedigrees as short as we have in Xalda sheep, in which individuals do not have sufficient ancestral generations, we could not obtain an accurate estimation of the trend of inbreeding ( Te Braake et al 1994) and, therefore, we could not obtain an accurate estimation of N e . The average F of the current Xalda population is 0.01762.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Traditional parameters based on inbreeding and effective size do not seem to be as effective as needed when we want to conserve the genetic makeup of a population that is not well established. When pedigree information is shallow, we underestimate the number of inbred individuals and the average inbreeding coefficient, but give relatively high inbreeding coefficients for inbred animals ( Te Braake et al 1994). Simon (1999) proposed the calculation of the maximum values of inbreeding in 50 years of conservation ( F g ) to classify the endangerment of a population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using pedigree information to monitor genetic variability of endangered populations: the Xalda sheep breed of Asturias as an example

Goyache¹,

Gutiérrez²,

Fernández³

et al. 2003

J Animal Breeding Genetics

142

135

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SummaryThe aim of this work is to highlight the need of monitoring small populations to conserve their genetic variability by using a set of parameters to characterize both the structure of populations and management practices. As a representative example we analyse the pedigree information of the endangered Xalda sheep breed of Asturias. The herdbook of Xalda sheep included a total of 805 animals and 62 herds. The number of founders was 329. Nowadays, there are 562 live animals and 26 active herds. The breed is in risk of losing genetic diversity because of the abusive use of certain individuals as parents. The effective number of founder animals is 81.1. The effective number of founder herds is 9.9. The average value of inbreeding in the whole Xalda population was 1.5%. The average relatedness (AR) coefficient reached 1.8% in the whole pedigree. The genetic representation of the lines of founders is unbalanced. Inbreeding trends and effective size do not provide realistic information concerning the risk of loss of diversity as a result of the shallowness of the genealogical information. We suggest the monitoring of the breed using AR to unbalance the genetic contributions of specific individuals, equalizing the genetic representation of the founders and lines in the population. In addition, AR can suggest the introduction of new, under-represented animals in herds showing high average AR values relative to the population. Our results can be useful to improve the development of conservation initiatives involving open herdbooks to avoid the risk of loss of genetic diversity caused by incorrect management practices. Zusammenfassung

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“…Proportion of Holstein genes in British Holstein-Friesian bulls was 40% in 1992 but had risen to 57% in 1997 (Roughsedge et al 1999). In the Dutch black and white dairy cattle population the proportion of Holstein genes was nearly 80% in 1992 (Te Braake et al 1994). …”

Section: Volmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coefficients of relationship and inbreeding among Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian

Vahlsten¹,

Mäntysaari²,

Strandén³

2008

AFSci

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Pedigree data from national breeding value evaluations were used in calculation of the coeffi cient and rate of inbreeding, average coeffi cient and rate of relationship and generation intervals for the Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle populations. The data had 1,366,555 Ayrshire and 377,869 Holstein-Friesian animals. The mean coeffi cient of inbreeding for Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian animals born in the 1990s was 2.29% and 0.90%, respectively, and the trend was towards higher inbreeding values. The average coeffi cient of relationship, mean increase in inbreeding and generation interval was calculated for bulls born between 1976 and 1999, and for cows born between 1986 and 1999. The mean coeffi cient of relationship of Ayrshire bulls increased 2.22 %-units per generation and inbreeding increased 0.20 %-units per generation during the years studied. The mean coeffi cient of relationship of Finnish Holstein-Friesian bulls increased 0.96 %-units per generation and inbreeding 0.17 %-units per generation. The mean coeffi cient of relationship and inbreeding of Ayrshire cows increased 0.38 %-units and 0.31 %-units per generation, respectively. For Holstein-Friesian cows the mean coeffi cient of relationship and inbreeding increased 0.25 %-units and 0.11 %-units per generation, respectively. Results show that inbreeding is low and it is increasing slowly in both breeds. However, especially the coeffi cients of relationship of Ayrshire bulls are high in some age classes and this may lead into faster increase in coeffi cients of inbreeding.

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Trends in inbreeding in Dutch Black and White dairy cattle

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Population structure of the Japanese Brown breed

Population structure of the Japanese Brown breed

Using pedigree information to monitor genetic variability of endangered populations: the Xalda sheep breed of Asturias as an example

Coefficients of relationship and inbreeding among Finnish Ayrshire and Holstein-Friesian

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