Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

Nielsen, Ann; Munk, Christian; Kjær, Susanne K.

doi:10.1002/ijc.26115

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For anal cancer, studies from the US, 19 Australia 20 and several European countries 12,[21][22][23] have reported an increase in incidence over time. As was also observed in our study, the incidence of anal cancer in most countries is higher among women than among men.…”

Section: Cmaj Openmentioning

confidence: 44%

Trends in the incidence of human papillomavirus-related noncervical and cervical cancers in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study

Shack¹,

Lau²,

Huang³

et al. 2014

CMAJ Open

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CMAJ OPEN, 2(3) E127 Research CMAJ OPENA ccording to world-wide estimates, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 5.2% of all cancers. 1,2 The association between HPV and cervical cancer has been well-known for many decades, but the link between HPV and cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva and oropharynx has only recently been confirmed.3 Cervical cancer rates have been declining in Canada and the United States, consistent with the successful adoption of Papanicolaou smear screening programs, 4,5 but the incidence of other HPV-related cancers has been increasing. The increasing incidence of these HPV-related cancers has been attributed to changes in lifestyle-related risk factors, most notably sexual behaviour.5 Analysis of trends in incidence and birth cohorts in both the US and the United Kingdom have shown an increased risk of HPV-related cancer in more recent birth cohorts and recent time periods, 5,6 and these increases have been attributed to generational changes in sexual patterns and increased exposure to HPV. 6 HPV vaccines are now broadly used in the prevention of cervical cancer. In Alberta, HPV vaccination programs were implemented in 2008 and, as in many other jurisdictions, have been funded only for females. Although HPV vaccination programs may reduce the incidence of HPV-related cancers other than cervical cancer, 6 they remain the subject of much public policy debate in Canada. 7 In this study, we sought to examine trends in noncervical HPV-related cancers over time and compare them with relative changes in cervical cancer and non-HPV-related cancers with similar risk factors.

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Section: Cmaj Openmentioning

confidence: 44%

Trends in the incidence of human papillomavirus-related noncervical and cervical cancers in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study

Shack¹,

Lau²,

Huang³

et al. 2014

CMAJ Open

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“…1 Although anal cancer represents approximately 1% of all GI cancers, 2 evidence from the United States, 3 Denmark, 4 and Australia 5 suggests that the overall age-adjusted incidence rates of this cancer have been increasing over the past 30 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Changing Patterns of Anal Canal Carcinoma in the United States

Nelson

Levine

Bernstein

et al. 2013

JCO

173

131

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A B S T R A C T PurposePersistent human papillomavirus infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA). With changing sexual behaviors, SCCA incidence and patient demographics may also have changed in recent years. MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results public-use data set from 1973 to 2009 was analyzed to determine incidence trends for and demographic factors characterizing SCCA. Joinpoint analyses identified time points when incidence rates changed. For comparison, similar analyses were conducted for anal adenocarcinoma. ResultsJoinpoint analyses identified 1997 as the single inflection point among 11,231 patients with SCCA, at which the slope of incidence rates statistically increased (1997 to 2009 v 1973 to 1996: risk ratio [RR], 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1 to 2.3). Annual percent change (APC) increased for all SCCA stages and was the greatest for anal carcinoma in situ (CIS; APC, 14.2; 95% CI, 10.2 to 18.4). Demographic changes characterizing later versus earlier time period included younger age at diagnosis and rising incidence rates in all stage, sex, and racial groups. During 1997 to 2009, women were less likely to present with CIS (RR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.3) but more likely to present with localized (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3) and regional SCCA (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7). In contrast, adenocarcinoma APCs among 1,791 patients remained stable during this time period. ConclusionCIS and SCCA incidence increased dramatically after 1997 for men and women, although men were more likely to be diagnosed with CIS. These changes likely resulted from available screening in men and argue for efforts to identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from screening. Oncol 31:1569Oncol 31: -1575 J Clin

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“…The incidence of anal cancer is higher in women than in men; the French regional registers of cancers have published incidence rates varying from 0.2 to 0.7 per 100,000 in men and from 0.7 to 1.7 per 100,000 in women (IARC, 2007). An increase in anal cancer incidence has been reported in the past decades in Denmark, Scotland and Australia (Brewster and Bhatti, 2006;Jin et al, 2011;Nielsen et al, 2011). As with cervical cancer, epidemiological studies have established a causal relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and occurrence of anal cancer (Castor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on anal cancer incidence in French women

Ribassin-Majed¹

2012

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 are found to be involved in 80% of anal cancers. Two vaccines against HPV infections are currently available, and vaccination policies aim to decrease mainly, incidence of cervical cancers. Moreover, an impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of anal cancer can also be expected. Our aim was to assess the potential benefits of HPV vaccination on the occurrence of female anal cancer in France. We developed a dynamic model for the heterosexual transmission of HPV and its progression to anal cancer in women. The model was calibrated using French data of anal cancer incidence. Considering vaccine coverage observed at the launch of vaccination campaign in France, reductions of 55 and 85% in the incidence of anal cancers due to HPV 16/18 are to be expected in French women 30 and 50 years after vaccine introduction, respectively. In case of a significant decrease in vaccine coverage, a dramatic reduction in the impact of HPV vaccination on female anal cancers would be observed. The number of anal cancer cases in French women is therefore expected to decrease significantly in 30 years, assuming sustained HPV vaccine coverage.

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Trends in incidence of anal cancer and high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, 1978–2008

Cited by 108 publications

References 28 publications

Trends in the incidence of human papillomavirus-related noncervical and cervical cancers in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study

Trends in the incidence of human papillomavirus-related noncervical and cervical cancers in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study

Changing Patterns of Anal Canal Carcinoma in the United States

Impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on anal cancer incidence in French women

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