Trends in Inequality of Opportunity for Developing Countries: Does the Economic Indicator Matter?

Álvarez, Ana Suárez; Menéndez, Ángel Espiniella

doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02258-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the one hand, access to broader and more up-to-date information would allow us to expand the existing evidence and increase the strength of the results. On the other hand, it would be of great interest to conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes of the existing vaccination inequality, distinguishing between institutional factors (mainly related to distribution) and individual attitudes (as hesitance or lack of information) by implementing, for example, the Inequality of Opportunity approach [ 21 , 22 ]. All these contributions would be very useful in bringing us closer to the common goal of reducing existing inequality as much as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is COVID-19 vaccine inequality undermining the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?

Álvarez¹,

López-Menéndez²

2022

J Glob Health

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Background The devastating health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a global response in the development of effective vaccines to fight the disease in an extraordinarily short time. Both the development and the production of these vaccines opened a path of hope, but the inequality in vaccine distribution raises great concerns about the possibility of effectively eradicating the virus. Methods It is particularly important to analyse the extent to which vaccines are equally distributed and investigate the possible effects of vaccine inequalities as well as its major drivers. For this purpose, this paper investigates the extent of equitable vaccine distribution using some well-known inequality measures and disentangles the main drivers of the share of vaccination. In addition, the paper analyses the relationship between the vaccination rate, the GDP growth, and the incidence of the coronavirus disease, with the aim of providing empirical evidence on existing relationships worldwide. Results Our findings show that the situation is more challenging in less developed countries, especially African countries, due to weak health systems and low rates of vaccination. Moreover, we find a positive relationship between the share of vaccinated individuals and GDP. Consequently, the poorest, least developed countries with a lower rate of vaccine uptake will experience lower GDP growth. Conclusions Vaccines and the vaccination process reveal the existing inequalities between countries and how they, in turn, impact the well-being of their citizens. People who live in less developed countries have a lower probability of being vaccinated, which translates into a greater probability of dying from COVID. Countries are seeing their economic future compromised by low vaccination levels, given the positive and significant relationship between the vaccination rate and GDP growth. In short, while some countries are trying to get back to some sort of normality, even with some pandemic protocols, the situation in less developed countries is more challenging due to weak health systems and low rates of vaccination. Consequently, the poorest, least developed countries with a lower rate of vaccine penetration will experience lower GDP growth, and the pandemic will have a greater effect on their economy due to low vaccination rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is COVID-19 vaccine inequality undermining the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?

Álvarez¹,

López-Menéndez²

2022

J Glob Health

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“…In comparison with other countries in Latin America, a less volatile economy has been experienced in the last decade. However, as a developing country, there is still inequality of income and opportunities in the country [64]. Specifically, bribery is a big challenge in the business context [65,66], temporary employees receive a lower compensation package, and relatively limited permanent employment opportunities are available for foreigners [67,68].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outcomes of Organizational Fairness among Precarious Workers: The Critical Role of Anomie at the Work

Jahanshahi

Mendoza

Castillo³

2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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Precarious workers usually have some of the most unstable working conditions in any country. In this research, we firstly investigated the influence of organizational fairness on the emotional exhaustion and leave intentions of Peruvian precarious workers. Then, we tested the mediating role of anomie at work in the relationship between organizational fairness and the emotional exhaustion and leave intentions of precarious workers. To identify the impact of organizational fairness on these workers, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 206 precarious workers in Peru. Our results showed that treating precarious workers fairly reduced their emotional exhaustion and leave intentions. Furthermore, we found that anomie at work mediate the relationship between organizational fairness and the emotional exhaustion and the relationship between organizational fairness and leave intentions of precarious workers. We provide empirical evidence of the critical role of organizational fairness in the reduction of emotional exhaustion and leave intentions among precarious workers. Examining the consequences of precarious workers’ perceptions of organizational fairness is needed for owners and managers of companies to have a clear understanding of how precarious workers’ working environments may shape their attitudes and work behaviors.

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“…In the literature explaining why people join protests, scholars have acknowledged that economic inequality can be a source of grievance and relative deprivation that drives people to join protests (Goldstone, 1982;Gurr, 1968). Economic inequality can create structural barriers that prevent low-income citizens from accessing key opportunities and resources, such as schooling and healthcare (Suárez Álvarez and López Menéndez, 2020;Pop et al, 2013). The economic inequality could make low-income citizens feel frustrated and even anguished when comparing their own lives with those of the rich, leading to a sense of relative deprivation that pushes them to join social protests.…”

Section: Explaining Protest Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Effects of Economic Inequality: Evidence from Hong Kong

Yang,

2024

Soc Indic Res

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Economic inequality can have significant political-social impacts, leading to social unrest and other negative consequences. With a high level of economic inequality and a remarkably contentious society, Hong Kong offers an intriguing case for investigating the political consequence of economic inequality. Based on an original random sampling survey in 2017, this study examines the political effects of perceived economic inequality in Hong Kong from three perspectives, namely, its impacts on citizens’ preferences for redistribution, political autonomy, and social protests. This study yields several important findings. Citizens’ perceived economic inequality is positively correlated with support for government redistribution and support for political autonomy. However, perceived economic inequality is not associated with citizens’ propensity to join social protests. We find that political values and citizens’ identities influence their demand for political autonomy and propensity to join protests. Our study thus sheds fresh light on the effect of economic inequality on a developed economy.

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Trends in Inequality of Opportunity for Developing Countries: Does the Economic Indicator Matter?

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Is COVID-19 vaccine inequality undermining the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?

Is COVID-19 vaccine inequality undermining the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?

The Outcomes of Organizational Fairness among Precarious Workers: The Critical Role of Anomie at the Work

The Political Effects of Economic Inequality: Evidence from Hong Kong

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