Trends in nutrition, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States from 1900 onwards

Wiegers, Cato; Burgwal, Linda van de; Claassen, Eric; Larsen, Olaf F. A.

doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Modern dietary habits, particularly the consumption of fast food, sugarsweetened beverages, and the trends toward larger portion sizes and increased eating frequency, significantly influence the prevalence and progression of metabolic diseases such as obesity and MASLD [55]. These food and beverage consumption patterns, hallmarks of a rapidly globalizing food environment, contribute to an excess caloric intake and poor nutritional quality, setting the stage for a host of metabolic dysfunctions [56].…”

Section: Fast Food and Beverage Consumption Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on the Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Kumar Verma,

Tripathi,

Kumar Singh

2024

Metabolic Syndrome - Lifestyle and Biological Risk Factors

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Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels, significantly heightens the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease. With the adoption of a Western-style diet characterized by a high intake of corn sugar, saturated fats, and ultra-processed foods, these metabolic disorders have reached pandemic proportions globally. This chapter addresses the rising rates of obesity and MASLD, stressing the critical impact of dietary habits on these issues. It highlights how a healthy diet can mitigate risks, pointing out the detrimental effects of poor nutrition. The text examines the complex relationship between diet, adiposity, and liver health, analyzing the role of macronutrient composition, calorie intake, and processed foods in metabolic dysregulation. It proposes comprehensive nutritional strategies and public health policies, including the adoption of an inverted food pyramid, to tackle metabolic syndrome, obesity, and MASLD effectively, advocating for a holistic approach to dietary changes.

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Section: Fast Food and Beverage Consumption Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on the Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Kumar Verma,

Tripathi,

Kumar Singh

2024

Metabolic Syndrome - Lifestyle and Biological Risk Factors

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“…In developed countries, the increase in the average lifespan has seen a concurrent rise in the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia (HLP), hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity [1]. These conditions are of growing importance to national public health and medical care, as they require continuous long-term management, thereby imposing significant financial burdens on national healthcare budgets [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph convolutional network learning model based on new integrated data of the protein-protein interaction network and network pharmacology for the prediction of herbal medicines effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases

Kim,

Yu,

Lim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Chronic metabolic diseases constitute a group of conditions requiring long-term management and hold significant importance for national public health and medical care. Currently, in Korean medicine, there are no insurance-covered herbal prescriptions designated primarily for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify herbal prescriptions from the existing pool of insurance-covered options that could be effective in treating metabolic diseases. This research study employed a graph convolutional network learning model to analyze PPI network constructed from network pharmacology, aiming to identify suitable herbal prescriptions for various metabolic diseases, thus diverging from literature-based approaches based on classical indications. Additionally, the derived herbal medicine candidates were subjected to transfer learning on a model that binarily classified the marketed drugs into those currently used for metabolic diseases and those that are not for data-based verification. GCN, adept at capturing patterns within protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, was utilized for classifying and learning the data. Moreover, gene scores related to the diseases were extracted from GeneCards and used as weights. Due to the absence of any prior research using similar data and learning structures, an alternative evaluation method of our pre-trained model was deemed necessary. The performance of the pre-trained model was validated through 5-fold cross-validation and bootstrapping with 100 iterations. Furthermore, to ascertain the superior performance of our proposed model, the number of layers was varied, and the performance of each was evaluated. Our proposed model structure achieved outstanding performance in classifying drugs, with an average precision of 96.68%, recall of 97.18%, and an F1 score of 96.74%. The trained model predicted that the most effective decoction would be Jowiseunggi-tang for hyperlipidemia, Saengmaegsan for hypertension, and Kalkunhaeki-tang for type 2 diabetes. This study is the first of its kind to integrate GCN with weighted PPI network data to classify herbal prescriptions by their potential for usage on certain diseases.

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“… 19 , 20 , 21 However, in diet quality indices often studied in the epigenetic context (eg, the aMED), sugar is noticeably unaccounted for, and it has also yet to be examined alone. Given the high consumption of sugar globally and the demographic variations within, 22 , 23 , 24 elucidating this association could motivate future dietary interventions and guidelines as well as health disparities research. This study sought to examine associations of diet with GrimAge2 in a midlife cohort comprising Black and White US women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Nutrients, Added Sugar Intake, and Epigenetic Age in Midlife Black and White Women

Chiu,

Hamlat,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceNutritive compounds play critical roles in DNA replication, maintenance, and repair, and also serve as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Sufficient dietary intakes support genomic stability and preserve health.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of dietary patterns, including intakes of essential nutrients and added sugar, and diet quality scores of established and new nutrient indices with epigenetic age in a diverse cohort of Black and White women at midlife.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included analyses (2021-2023) of past women participants of the 1987-1997 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS), which examined cardiovascular health in a community cohort of Black and White females aged between 9 and 19 years. Of these participants who were recruited between 2015 and 2019 from NGHS’s California site, 342 females had valid completed diet and epigenetic assessments. The data were analyzed from October 2021 to November 2023.ExposureDiet quality scores of established nutrient indices (Alternate Mediterranean Diet [aMED], Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]–2010); scores for a novel, a priori–developed Epigenetic Nutrient Index [ENI]; and mean added sugar intake amounts were derived from 3-day food records.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGrimAge2, a second-generation epigenetic clock marker, was calculated from salivary DNA. Hypotheses were formulated after data collection. Healthier diet indicators were hypothesized to be associated with younger epigenetic age.ResultsA total of 342 women composed the analytic sample (mean [SD] age, 39.2 [1.1] years; 171 [50.0%] Black and 171 [50.0%] White participants). In fully adjusted models, aMED (β, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.69 to −0.13), AHEI-2010 (β, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01), and ENI (β, −0.17; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.06) scores, and added sugar intake (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04) were each significantly associated with GrimAge2 in expected directions. In combined analyses, the aforementioned results with GrimAge2 were preserved with the association estimates for aMED and added sugar intake retaining their statistical significance.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, independent associations were observed for both healthy diet and added sugar intake with epigenetic age. To our knowledge, these are among the first findings to demonstrate associations between added sugar intake and epigenetic aging using second-generation epigenetic clocks and one of the first to extend analyses to a diverse population of Black and White women at midlife. Promoting diets aligned with chronic disease prevention recommendations and replete with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory and pro-epigenetic health nutrients while emphasizing low added sugar consumption may support slower cellular aging relative to chronological age, although longitudinal analyses are needed.

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Trends in nutrition, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States from 1900 onwards

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Dietary Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on the Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Dietary Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on the Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Graph convolutional network learning model based on new integrated data of the protein-protein interaction network and network pharmacology for the prediction of herbal medicines effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases

Essential Nutrients, Added Sugar Intake, and Epigenetic Age in Midlife Black and White Women

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