Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013–2017

Wang, Yuesi; Li, Wenjie; Gao, Wenkang; Liu, Zirui; Tian, Shili; Shen, Rongrong; Ji, Dongsheng; Wang, Shuai; Wang, Lili; Tang, Guiqian; Song, Tao; Cheng, Miaomiao; Wang, Gehui; Gong, Zhengyu; Hao, Jiming; Zhang, Yuanhang

doi:10.1007/s11430-018-9373-1

Cited by 137 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For NO 3 − , ΔNO 3 − over China was not significant, which is consistent with recent observations 9 . Several areas downwind of China exhibited increased NO 3 − .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Paradigm shift in aerosol chemical composition over regions downwind of China

Uno

Wang

Itahashi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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A rapid decrease in pM 2.5 concentrations in china has been observed in response to the enactment of strong emission control policies. From 2012 to 2017, total emissions of SO 2 and no x from china decreased by approximately 63% and 24%, respectively. Simultaneously, decreases in the PM 2.5 concentration in Japan have been observed since 2014, and the proportion of stations that satisfy the pM 2.5 environmental standard (daily, 35 µg/m 3 ; annual average, 15 µg/m 3 ) increased from 37.8% in fiscal year (FY) 2014 (April 2014 to March 2015) to 89.9% in FY 2017. However, the quantitative relationship between the pM 2.5 improvement in china and the pM 2.5 concentration in downwind regions is not well understood. Here, we (1) quantitatively evaluate the impacts of Chinese environmental improvements on downwind areas using source/receptor analysis with a chemical transport model, and (2) show that these rapid emissions reductions improved pM 2.5 concentrations both in china and its downwind regions, but the difference between SO 2 and no x reduction rates led to greater production of nitrates (e.g., NH 4 no 3 ) due to a chemical imbalance in the ammonia-nitric acid-sulfuric acid-water system. Observations from a clean remote island in western Japan and numerical modeling confirmed this paradigm shift.The long-range trans-boundary transport behavior of pollutants in East Asia is an important environmental issue due to frequent outflows of heavy pollution. Among pollutants, PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter) poses serious human health risks, including lung cancer, respiratory disease, and asthma, particularly over China and its downwind regions 1-5 . Serious PM 2.5 pollution has been observed in the northern China region since the early 2010s. To reduce this pollution, China has implemented active clean air policies in recent years (e.g., the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, enacted in September 2013). These plans include the phasing out of outdated industrial capacity, small high-emission factories, and small coal-fired industrial boilers, as well as the strengthening of emission standards for power plants, industries, and vehicles, and the replacement of residential coal use with electricity and natural gas 6,7 . These strong emission-reduction policies in China have led to a successful reduction in PM 2.5 concentration (e.g., PM 2.5 concentrations decreased from 102 µg/m 3 in 2013 to 43 µg/m 3 in 2019, as observed at the U.S. embassy in Beijing). Rapid reductions in SO 2 and NO x emissions were also confirmed using environmental satellite data 8 and bottom-up emissions inventory studies 1 . MODIS AOD (aerosol optical depth) data revealed that there has been a consistent trend of year-to-year decreases in China and its downwind regions. The chemical composition of PM 2.5 also changed significantly over China, with especially large decreases in levels of organic matter, mineral components, and sulfate aerosols 9 . Studies have suggested that emission control has a dominant e...

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“…For NO 3 − , ΔNO 3 − over China was not significant, which is consistent with recent observations 9 . Several areas downwind of China exhibited increased NO 3 − .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Paradigm shift in aerosol chemical composition over regions downwind of China

Uno

Wang

Itahashi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In our special topic, rapid improvement of PM 2.5 pollution was confirmed from observations (Wang et al, 2019;. By combining ground observations, satellite remote sensing data, and simulations obtained from a chemical transport model, Xue et al (2019) found that the national population-weighted annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations over China decreased by 32% from 2013-2017.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…By combining ground observations, satellite remote sensing data, and simulations obtained from a chemical transport model, Xue et al (2019) found that the national population-weighted annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations over China decreased by 32% from 2013-2017. Based on the observation data in the CARE-China observation network, Wang et al (2019) found that all the chemical composition of PM 2.5 , including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, elementary carbon (EC), organic matter (OM) and mineral and unresolved components, showed a deceasing trend in China and the key regions. In particular, sulfate and OM concentrations dropped rapidly during the heavily polluted seasons of autumn and winter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China

Zhang

Geng

2019

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…CMB coupled with inorganic and organic source tracer method is widely used in various source apportionment studies worldwide, which has led to the significant improvements in air quality in areas such as London and the Central Valley of California [14][15][16]. Beijing is experiencing worse air pollution in winter [17]. Datasets Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s4245 2-020-2787-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of source contributions to organic carbon in ambient fine particle using receptor model with inorganic and organic source tracers at an urban site of Beijing

Liu

Gong

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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The collections of ambient fine particles were carried out in the period of January 16 to 31, 2013, in Beijing. The levels of carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., organic carbon and elemental carbon) in fine particles were determined. The chemical compositions of primary source tracers including alkanes, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, picene, 17a(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane, levoglucosan, Al and Fe in fine particles were analyzed. Chemical mass balance (CMB) model coupled with inorganic and organic source tracers was utilized to estimate daily contributions of primary sources (e.g., coal combustion, biomass burning, dust source, mobile source) to organic carbon (OC). The sensitivity analysis of specific primary source was carried out in order to obtain the accurate contribution from primary sources. Our study indicated that CMB with inorganic and organic source tracer method was efficient for apportioning primary sources of OC in Beijing during high air pollution episodes.

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Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013–2017

Cited by 137 publications

References 23 publications

Paradigm shift in aerosol chemical composition over regions downwind of China

Paradigm shift in aerosol chemical composition over regions downwind of China

Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China

Assessment of source contributions to organic carbon in ambient fine particle using receptor model with inorganic and organic source tracers at an urban site of Beijing

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