Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018

Song, Kyungchul; Park, Goeun; Lee, Hye Sun; Lee, Myeongseob; Lee, Hae In; Ahn, Jung‐Min; Lee, Eunbyoul; Choi, Hyo Seong; Suh, Jin‐Suck; Kwon, Ah Reum; Kim, Ho-Seong; Chae, Hyun Wook

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030584

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In a population-based study from Korea, the prevalence of prediabetes was 15.6% among youth with NAFLD versus 7.8% among those without NAFLD. 1) In addition, the prevalence of NAFLD was 15.6% among youth with prediabetes versus 9.1% among those without prediabetes. The odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 96%

“…19) In Korea, the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD, defined as an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation without hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection, increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 in a national surveillance study. 1) Moreover, the adverse trend was more prominent among youth, even young children, with a normal body mass index (BMI). In another Korean population-based study, the prevalence of NAFLD was 14.7% in boys and 6.5% in girls.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an entire spectrum of liver disease induced by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, including simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients without known causes, including significant alcohol consumption. 1,2) NAFLD, one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. 3) Thus, NAFLD is related to all-cause mortality, including liver-related death, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

2023

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. The global prevalence of NAFLD is increasing in both adults and children. In Korea, the prevalence of pediatric NAFLD increased from 8.2% in 2009 to 12.1% in 2018 according to a national surveillance study. For early screening of pediatric NAFLD, laboratory tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; biomarkers including hepatic steatosis index, triglyceride glucose index, and fibrosis-4 index; and imaging studies including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are required. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which promotes insulin resistance. Thus, the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome has been reported in many studies. This review addresses issues related to the epidemiology and investigation of NAFLD as well as the association between NAFLD and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with focus on pediatric NAFLD.

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Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Ementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

2023

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“…Strict connections between abdominal obesity and the incidence of prediabetes, T2D, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome have been documented. [78][79][80] During the COVID-19 pandemic, a study of 432,302 children (ages 2-19 years) found that the rate of BMI increases nearly doubled compared to the pre-pandemic period. 22) This result, consistent with those of other studies, highlights the importance of obesity prevention and management strategies during and after the pandemic period.…”

Section: Covid-19 Obesity and T2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and diabetes in children

Prosperi

Chiarelli

2022

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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This review describes the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents, investigating changes in diabetes presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic, possible links between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and diabetes, and mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell destruction. Although glycemic control in individuals with already known diabetes mellitus did not worsen during the pandemic, there was a worrying increase in diabetic ketoacidosis in children with new-onset diabetes, probably due to containment measures and delayed access to emergency departments. Moreover, new evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has the capacity to directly and indirectly induce pancreatic β-cell destruction, and the risk of newly diagnosed diabetes after COVID-19 increased in both children and adults. While long-term studies continue to follow children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, this review discusses available findings on the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes. It is important to emphasize the need to maintain close links between families of children with chronic conditions and their pediatricians, as well as to promote early access to healthcare services, in order to reduce dangerous delays in diabetes diagnosis and prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.

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“…The prevalence of NAFLD among youths increased from 19.34 million in 1990 to 29.49 million in 2017 according to the Global Burden of Disease database-based study, and corresponding values increased 2.7-fold from the 1980s to 2007–2010 in the USA [ 6 , 7 ]. In Korea, the prevalence of NAFLD increased from 8.17% in 2009 to 12.05% in 2018 among children and adolescents [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging for Assessing Pediatric Hepatic Steatosis

Song

Son

Chang

et al. 2022

Biology

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We investigated the feasibility of ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) for assessing pediatric hepatic steatosis. A total of 111 children and adolescents who underwent liver ultrasonography with ATI for suspected hepatic steatosis were included. Participants were classified into the normal, mild, or moderate–severe fatty liver group according to grayscale US findings. Associations between clinical factors, magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, steatosis stage and ATI values were evaluated. To determine the cutoff values of ATI for staging hepatic steatosis, areas under the curve (AUCs) were analyzed. Factors that could cause measurement failure with ATI were assessed. Of 111 participants, 88 had successful measurement results. Median ATI values were significantly increased according to steatosis stage (p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was a significant factor for increased ATI values (p = 0.047). To differentiate fatty liver from normal liver, a cutoff value of 0.59 dB/cm/MHz could be used with an AUC value of 0.853. To differentiate moderate to severe fatty liver from mild fatty liver, a cutoff value of 0.69 dB/cm/MHz could be used with an AUC value up to 0.91. ATI can be used in children as an effective ultrasonography technique for quantifying and staging pediatric hepatic steatosis.

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Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

COVID-19 and diabetes in children

Feasibility of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging for Assessing Pediatric Hepatic Steatosis

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