Trends in Suicide by Poisoning in China 2000-2006: Age, Gender, Method, and Geography

Zhang, Xianglan; Li, Hana S. H.; Zhu, Qiu-hong; Jia, Zhenquan; Zhang, Shuping; Zhang, Li Min; Sun, Chenye

doi:10.1016/s0895-3988(08)60038-0

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our study showed that up to 88% of pesticide poisonings were suicide attempts. Second, pesticides are used extensively and unsafely in agriculture and industry, and can be stored in the home, causing toxicity due to intentional and accidental exposures 55. The quantity of pesticide use is large and ever-increasing and has grown from 1.3 million ton in 2001 to 1.8 million ton in 2014 56.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute poisoning in Shenyang, China: a retrospective and descriptive study from 2012 to 2016

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesUp-to-date information on the patterns of acute poisoning is crucial for the proper management of poisoning events. The objectives of this study were to analyse the characteristics of patients suffering from acute poisoning admitted to the emergency department (ED) in a tertiary medical centre in Northeast China and to compare these characteristics with those of a previous comparable study.DesignRetrospective and descriptive study.SettingData were collected from the hospital information system in Shengjing Hospital, China, from January 2012 to December 2016.ParticipantsAll cases aged ≥11 years old with a diagnosis of acute poisoning.ResultsIn total, 5009 patients aged ≥11 years presented to the ED with acute poisoning during the study period. The average age of the patients was 36.0±15.1 years and over half (52.7%) were in the 20–39age group. The female to male ratio was 1.2:1. Patients with acute poisoning mainly lived in rural areas rather than in urban areas. The majority of patients consumed poison as suicide attempts (56.7%). Men were more commonly poisoned by drug abuse than women, but women outnumbered men in suicidal poisoning. The most common form of poison intake was ingestion (oral intake; 86.2%). The five most common toxic agent groups, in descending order, were therapeutic drugs (32.6%), pesticides (26.9%), alcohol (20.7%), fumes/gases/vapours (11.4%) and chemicals (3.6%). Sedatives/hypnotics in the therapeutic drugs group and paraquat in the pesticides group were the most common toxic agents, respectively. The mortality rate of study participants was 1.3%, with 64 deaths.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate the need to strengthen education on the rational and safe use of drugs in Shenyang.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute poisoning in Shenyang, China: a retrospective and descriptive study from 2012 to 2016

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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“…This intervention requires political participation. );reduction of access to pesticides with lockboxes; requiring the licensing of pesticide applicators; restricting sale of toxic pesticides to licensed applicators only; banning of highly toxic pesticides, inclusion of vomit inducing substances with pesticides (Eddleston et al, 2006); reducing the use of pesticides through integrated pest management or non -pesticide management (Eddleston et al, 2002; Eddleston et al, 2006; Vijayakumar and Babu, 2009); improving accessibility to necessary drugs and equipment for rural primary -care health providers (Yang et al, 2005; Eddleston et al, 2006);promotion of psychological and social support in rural areas (Eddleston and Phillips, 2004;Zhang et al, 2008); educating the general public and their healthcare providers about the suicide risk associated with the presence of pesticides in the households (WHO, 2006). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to farming pesticides and risk for suicide in Chinese rural young people

Kong

Zhang

2010

Psychiatry Research

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Suicide is a leading cause of death in individuals 15-34 years of age in China. Highly lethal pesticides are a common method used for suicide in Chinese rural areas. This case-control study aimed to test hypotheses concerning the suicide risks associated with pesticide access. Subjects included 370 rural completed suicides aged 15 to 34 years and 370 living controls matched on age, gender, and residence (rural/urban location). Data were collected by a psychological autopsy design with proxy respondents. Pesticide access was a significant risk factor for suicide even after controlling for other known risk factors in social and psychiatric domains, such as education level, living situation, marital status, family annual income, and mental disorder. Increased risk was accounted for by access to insecticide rather than other types of pesticides. Suicide intervention in China should focus on restricting access to pesticides, especially highly toxic insecticide, improving the resuscitation skills of rural primary-care health providers, promoting psychological and social support networks in rural areas, and educating the general public about the suicide risk of having pesticides stored at the households.

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“…As a non-violent suicide method, ingesting pesticide has been reported as the leading method of suicide in rural China [2], [4], [17], [18]. On the other hand, violent methods have particularly been highlighted because of higher lethality and stronger evidence of the cases' mental disorder and self-harm determination [6], [9], [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Completed Suicide with Violent and Non-Violent Methods in Rural Shandong, China: A Psychological Autopsy Study

Sun

Jia

2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThis study aims to describe the specific characteristics of completed suicides by violent methods and non-violent methods in rural Chinese population, and to explore the related factors for corresponding methods.MethodsData of this study came from investigation of 199 completed suicide cases and their paired controls of rural areas in three different counties in Shandong, China, by interviewing one informant of each subject using the method of Psychological Autopsy (PA).ResultsThere were 78 (39.2%) suicides with violent methods and 121 (60.8%) suicides with non-violent methods. Ingesting pesticides, as a non-violent method, appeared to be the most common suicide method (103, 51.8%). Hanging (73 cases, 36.7%) and drowning (5 cases, 2.5%) were the only violent methods observed. Storage of pesticides at home and higher suicide intent score were significantly associated with choice of violent methods while committing suicide. Risk factors related to suicide death included negative life events and hopelessness.ConclusionsSuicide with violent methods has different factors from suicide with non-violent methods. Suicide methods should be considered in suicide prevention and intervention strategies.

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Trends in Suicide by Poisoning in China 2000-2006: Age, Gender, Method, and Geography

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Acute poisoning in Shenyang, China: a retrospective and descriptive study from 2012 to 2016

Acute poisoning in Shenyang, China: a retrospective and descriptive study from 2012 to 2016

Access to farming pesticides and risk for suicide in Chinese rural young people

Completed Suicide with Violent and Non-Violent Methods in Rural Shandong, China: A Psychological Autopsy Study

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