Trends in the Casualty Ratio of Injured to Fatalities in Earthquakes

Wyss, Max; Trendafiloski, Goran

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9455-1_18

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This was done to illustrate the difference in consequences depending on the properties of the built environment. Using as an approximate measure of resistance to shaking of buildings the ratio of injured to fatalities, we have found that Japan has worldwide one of the best built environments and rural Iran one of the worst (Wyss and Trendafiloski, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in Teleseismic Earthquake Locations: Implications for Real-Time Loss Estimates

Wyss¹,

Elashvili²,

Jorjiashvili³

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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For estimating fatalities and injured within minutes after an earthquake worldwide, we rely on real-time teleseismic determinations of epicenters. To estimate the teleseismic location errors, we computed the difference between the local epicenters of the dense seismograph networks of Japan, Italy, and Taiwan with those given by the PDE, those distributed in real time by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the European Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC). The average difference is 16 and 8 km between PDE teleseismic epicenters and those by the local networks for Japan/Taiwan and Italy, respectively. For EMSC epicenters, the average difference is 13 km for Italy. The average difference between real-time USGS parameters and those listed in the PDE is 12 km (median 9 km) for 30 earthquakes in Japan. Comparisons of real-time USGS epicenters and the Japan Meterological Agency (JMA) locations yield an average difference of 31 km (median 26 km). Estimates indicate that the epicenter errors in the local catalogs are typically 1 and 3 km for Japan/Italy and Taiwan, respectively. Assuming that the differences in earthquake locations are mostly due to teleseiseismic errors, we conclude that the mean errors in real-time epicenter solutions are in the range of 25 to 35 km. This implies that for earthquakes of M ≈ 6:7 in the vicinity of a medium-sized city (80,000), the fatality estimates using QLARM in real time have to range from near 0 to 10,000 in the developing world and from 0 to 500 in an industrialized country. These results were verified by comparison with observed numbers of fatalities in the cases of the 2003 M 6.7 Bam, Iran, and the 2008 M 6.9 Iwate-Miyagi, Japan, earthquakes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in Teleseismic Earthquake Locations: Implications for Real-Time Loss Estimates

Wyss¹,

Elashvili²,

Jorjiashvili³

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…In der Literatur gibt es für das Verhältnis Verletzte zu Todesopfern Zahlen für Hochbauten. So zeigen Wyss und Trendafiloski die Entwicklung dieses Verhältnisses über die Zeit für verschiedene Länder für Erdbebenereignisse. Dabei erkennt man, dass das Verhältnis steigt.…”

Section: Verhältnis Verletzte Zu Todesopferunclassified

Zur Berücksichtigung hypothetischer Opferzahlen in Lebenszykluskostenberechnungen von Brücken

Proske

2020

Beton und Stahlbetonbau

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Im Rahmen der Risiko‐ und Lebenszykluskostenbewertungen von Brücken treten neben der Einsturzwahrscheinlichkeit auch Schadensfolgen als Eingangsgrößen auf. Eine der bedeutendsten Schadensfolgen von Brückeneinstürzen sind Todesopfer. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden zunächst bekannte Verfahren vorgestellt, um die sich daraus ergebenden Schadenskosten bzw. die hypothetische Anzahl von Todesopfern abschätzen. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, welches den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft bezüglich der Brückeneinsturzursachen nutzt. Mit diesem Verfahren kann die hypothetische Anzahl der Opfer abhängig von den jeweiligen Verhältnissen an der Brücke bzw. vom Brückentyp geschätzt werden.

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“…At first, Wyss and Trendafiloski [45] use R to express the ratio of the injured to the fatal and calculate corresponding Rs in some main areas and countries from historical statistics. For example, the value of R in China is 12.8.…”

Section: Bayesian Network (Bn) and Bn-based Scenario Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating a Bayesian Network into Two-Stage Stochastic Programming for Blood Bank Location-Inventory Problem in Case of Disasters

Chen

Wang

2019

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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This paper is concerned with the optimal decisions of blood banks in a blood logistics network (BLN) with the consideration of natural disasters. One of the biggest challenges is how to deal with unexpected disasters. Our idea is to consider the disasters as the natural consequences of interaction among multiple interdependent uncertain factors, such as the locations and the levels of disasters, the number of casualties, and the availabilities of rescue facilities, which work together to influence the rescue effects of the BLN. Thus, taking earthquakes as the example, a Bayesian Network is proposed to describe such uncertainties and interdependences and, then, we incorporate it into a dedicated two-stage multi-period stochastic programming model for the BLN. The planning stage in the model focuses on blood bank location and inventory decisions. The subsequent operational stage is composed of multiple periods, some of which may suffer disasters and initiate corresponding rescue operations. Numerical tests show that the proposed approach can be efficiently applied in blood management under the complicated disaster scenarios.

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Trends in the Casualty Ratio of Injured to Fatalities in Earthquakes

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Uncertainties in Teleseismic Earthquake Locations: Implications for Real-Time Loss Estimates

Uncertainties in Teleseismic Earthquake Locations: Implications for Real-Time Loss Estimates

Zur Berücksichtigung hypothetischer Opferzahlen in Lebenszykluskostenberechnungen von Brücken

Incorporating a Bayesian Network into Two-Stage Stochastic Programming for Blood Bank Location-Inventory Problem in Case of Disasters

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