Trends in the incidence of rain height and the effects on global satellite telecommunications

Paulson, Kevin; Al-Mreri, Abdueraouf

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2010.0507

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There are clear increasing trends in the incidence of these rain rates. It is likely that outage rates are increasing dramatically in the UKfor example, doubling or tripling each decade (Paulson and Al-Mreri, 2011). The effect of this is likely to be minor as outages tend to be shortfor example, less than a minute or twoand effect services are over a small area.…”

Section: Daily Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring impacts of climate change on UK’s ICT infrastructure

Horrocks

Winne

2016

Infrastructure Asset Management

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Information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure plays a critical role in many aspects of the society. While ICTs contribute to climate-related responses and adaptive practices, much less is known about the impacts that climate change may have on ICT itself. Drawing on knowledge in the literature and findings elicited from industrial workshop conversations and case studies, this paper attempts to provide a review of available evidence of climate impacts on the UK's ICT infrastructure. This research shows that, although ICTs are resilient to climate impacts, in part due to the rapid refresh rate of equipment, ICTs are vulnerable to a number of future climate risks. The criticality of ICTs to other infrastructure sectors implies that any disruption to ICTs could result in multisectoral cascade failures. This paper also explores the potential for strategies to adapt ICTs to be more resilient to extreme weather and changes in climate, discusses some of the opportunities that climate change may offer and identifies some areas for further research.

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Section: Daily Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring impacts of climate change on UK’s ICT infrastructure

Horrocks

Winne

2016

Infrastructure Asset Management

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“…Although different models have been developed to study the impact of precipitation on wireless telecommunications [42,43], the results are insufficient in a field with a rapidly evolving technology as seen currently. Thus, the core part of this work is to identify the effects of precipitation in the form of rain in the main transmission rate band for the emerging 5G technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering and Attenuation in 5G Electromagnetic Propagation (5 GHz and 25 GHz) in the Presence of Rainfall: A Numerical Study

Yáñez-Casas,

Couder-Castañeda,

Hernández-Gómez

et al. 2023

Mathematics

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Rainfall has always been a concern for wireless communications systems. As 5G technology relies on high-frequency bands, it is fundamental to model and simulate the interaction of such radio waves with rainfall, as the deployment of large-scale infrastructure for 5G is highly expensive. This research presents a reformulation of the Maxwell equations for a bi-dimensional space in a transverse electric propagation mode, for a linear, inhomogeneous, and isotropic propagation medium with its magnetic and electric properties dependent on time. This reformulation was solved using the Finite Differences in Time Domain (FDTD) method with the Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layer (CPML) boundary condition. Two main frequency propagation scenarios were studied: 5 GHz (corresponding to Wi-Fi in the 802.11n standard as well as to the lowest bands of 5G) and 25 GHz (corresponding to 5G), within a 10m×3m rectangular domain in air and with rain. The rainfall was simulated using a parallel Ziggurat algorithm. According to the findings, while 5 GHz waves experience scattering processes, 25 GHz waves experience substantial dispersion and attenuation throughout the domain in low- to moderate-intensity rain.

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“…A further paper [ Paulson and Al‐Mreri , ] identified global trends in rain height, mostly increasing in altitude over time, derived from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data. The rain height is related to the 0° isotherm and is near the top of the melting layer when the atmosphere is stratified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to estimate trends in distributions of 1 min rain rates from numerical weather prediction data

2015

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It is known that the rain rate exceeded 0.01% of the time in the UK has experienced an increasing trend over the last 20 years. It is very likely that rain fade and outage experience a similar trend. This paper presents a globally applicable method to estimate these trends, based on the widely accepted Salonen-Poiares Baptista model. The input data are parameters easily extracted from numerical weather prediction reanalysis data. The method is verified using rain gauge data from the UK, and the predicted trend slopes of 0.01% exceeded rain rate are presented on a global grid.

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Trends in the incidence of rain height and the effects on global satellite telecommunications

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Exploring impacts of climate change on UK’s ICT infrastructure

Exploring impacts of climate change on UK’s ICT infrastructure

Scattering and Attenuation in 5G Electromagnetic Propagation (5 GHz and 25 GHz) in the Presence of Rainfall: A Numerical Study

A method to estimate trends in distributions of 1 min rain rates from numerical weather prediction data

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