Trends in Use of Prescription Skin Lightening Creams

Saade, Dana; Maymone, Mayra B.C.; Garza, Henriette De La; Secemsky, Eric A.; Kennedy, Kevin F.; Vashi, Neelam A.

doi:10.3390/ijerph18115650

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Skin pigmentation regulators include melanocytes in the epidermis that synthesize melanin, and keratinocytes that receive and distribute it in upper layers of the skin [6]. Other factors that may affect pigment cell function and proliferation and create alterations in pigmentation include fibroblasts in the dermis, endocrine factors, blood supply, neural factors, inflammation mediators, ultraviolet radiation, genetics, and skin injury [7]. Common types of hyperpigmentation are lentigines, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin-Lightening Products: Consumer Preferences and Costs

Cheng¹,

Garza²,

Maymone³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Disorders of skin hyperpigmentation have an appreciable impact on quality of life, carrying social and cultural importance that influences widespread consumer demand for cosmetic lightening products. We sought to investigate product factors that may influence consumer preference when choosing an over-thecounter cream for skin-lightening purposes. The keyword "lightening cream" was searched in the "Beauty and Personal Care category" of online retailer Amazon.com. The top fifth percentile of products was determined by filtering the search results for a minimum of four out of five stars from customer reviews, and then further filtered by products with over 100 reviews. Number of reviews, rating, price per unit, vehicle, application instructions, ingredients, and review attributes were evaluated. Over 2,900 products were catalogued as "lightening cream" on Amazon.com. There were 40 products rated >4 stars and >100 reviews, constituting the top 1.34% of entries. Tocopheryl was present in 58% of the top 40 products, ascorbic acid in 40%, and niacinamide in 20%. Notably, 22.5% of the top 40 products contained no known skin-lightening ingredient. There was a moderate positive correlation (R 2 =0.378) between price and consumer rating, with kojic acid being the most expensive per ounce ($24.89) and salicylic acid being the most highly rated (4.54 stars; $15.00/oz). This study provides insight on the factors influencing the choice, preferences, and satisfaction of consumer that sought Amazon for the purchase of lightening products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin-Lightening Products: Consumer Preferences and Costs

Cheng¹,

Garza²,

Maymone³

et al. 2021

Cureus

Self Cite

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“…F I G U R E 3 Forest plots showing the comparison of the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI)/ modified MASI (mMASI) score changes in patients receiving 1064QNYL combined therapy compared with 1064QNYL alone at treatment endpoint, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment hypermelanosis usually appear in long-term use. 22 Tranexamic acid is frequently used in melasma treatment recently, with good efficacy. However, the risk of thrombosis could be troublesome in the long term.…”

Section: Publication Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and combined 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser therapy in melasma: A meta‐analysis

Zhang

Xie

Shen

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Purpose This article attempted to describe the efficacy and safety of 1064QNYL in combination with other treatments for refractory melasma. Methods Two researchers independently retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcome was evaluated with MASI and mMASI scores in control group and experiment group. The secondary outcome was evaluated with MI scores. We calculated 95% CI of standardized mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity of the included literature by Higgins I2 test, and assessed publication bias by Funnel plots, Egger's, and Begg's tests. Results A total of 12 articles including 322 subjects were analyzed. Experiment group was treated with 1064QNYL combined with single treatment (e.g., PDL, IPL, RF, and TA). Control group was treated with 1064QNYL alone. A greater reduction of Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI)/modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) scores were shown in experiment group than that in control group at the end of the treatment (SMD, −0.37; 95% CI −0.70 to −0.04, p = 0.03, I2 = 33%). The SMD of MI scores further supported this conclusion by −0.32 (95% CI −0.63 to −0.02, p = 0.04, I2 = 27%). As for adverse events (AEs), combined treatment gave rise to more mild burning, stinging, and erythema that resolved spontaneously. Several studies reported focal purpura, punctate leukoderma, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and so on. Conclusion Combined 1064QNYL treatment was better than single laser treatment, with the highest short‐term benefit and long‐term follow‐up to maintain the effect in favor of combined treatment.

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“…Several reports have shown that HQ might be related to damage to renal and liver cells [22][23][24]. Moreover, there are concerns related to possible carcinogenicity induced by HQ [25]. Thus, the usage of HQ as a cosmetic additive is prohibited in various places, such as Australia, the UK, Europe, Asia, and Africa [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixture of Topical Forms of Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Attenuated Skin Pigmentation and Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2

Kim

Byun

et al. 2022

Molecules

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It is well-known that increased oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces melanogenesis and activates metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen and elastin fibers, leading to decreased skin elasticity. Various antioxidant agents, such as vitamin C and niacinamide, have been evaluated for use as treatments for photoaging or skin pigmentation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a topical liquid formula of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), vitamin C, and niacinamide (PVN) delivered via a microneedling therapy system (MTS) to attenuate photoaging and pigmentation by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreasing MMP expression in a UV-B-radiated animal model. The effects of the PVN were compared with those of individual PDRN and hydroquinone (HQ) compounds. The expression of NRF2/HO-1 significantly increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated animal skin. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and the superoxide dismutase activity increased. The expression of tumor protein p53 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase activity decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and this decrease was accompanied by decreased melanin content in the skin. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and MMP2/3/9 decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated skin. However, the expression of collagen type I α1 chain and the amount of collagen fibers that were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. The contents of elastin fibers, fibrillin 1/2 and fibulin 5 increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. In conclusion, PVN delivered via MTS led to decreased melanogenesis and destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by MMPs, and, thus, PVN decreased skin pigmentation and increased skin elasticity.

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Trends in Use of Prescription Skin Lightening Creams

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Skin-Lightening Products: Consumer Preferences and Costs

Skin-Lightening Products: Consumer Preferences and Costs

Single and combined 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser therapy in melasma: A meta‐analysis

A Mixture of Topical Forms of Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Attenuated Skin Pigmentation and Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2

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