Treponema innocens lipids and further description of an unusual galactolipid of Treponema hyodysenteriae

Matthews, Herbert M.; Yang, Tao; Jenkin, Howard M.

doi:10.1128/jb.143.3.1151-1155.1980

“…1A, lane F). The differences observed in the SDS-polyacrylamide gels may be related to variations in the lipid contents between the two species, as reported previously by Matthews et al (21). However, these apparent physicochemical differences did not result in various biologic activities between the T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens LPS or endotoxin preparations as discussed below.…”

Section: Kdosupporting

confidence: 71%

Comparison of the biological responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens

Greer

¹

,

Wannemuehler

²

1989

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The chemical composition and classical biologic activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; phenol-water) and endotoxin (butanol-water) preparations from virulent Treponema hyodysenterinae and avirulent Treponema innocens were examined. The LPS and endotoxin preparations from T. hyodysenteriae B204 contained approximately 80.9 and 35.2% hexose, 0.12 and 0.45% thiobarbituric acid-reactive compound, and <1 and 11.3% protein, respectively. The LPS and endotoxin preparations of T. innocens B1555a contained approximately 56.3 and 37.8% hexose, 0.45 and 0.4% thiobarbituric acid-reactive compound, and <1 and 26% protein, respectively. A silver-stained 7.5 to 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel showed four bands for the T. hyodysenteriae preparations, while the T. innocens preparations failed to resolve into discrete bands on electrophoresis. We determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay that the treponemal preparations had comparable amounts of endotoxin activity when Eschenichia coli LPS was used as a standard. The 50% lethal doses of LPS and endotoxin from T. hyodysenteriae for BALB/cByJ mice were 380 and 80 ,ug, respectively. The treponemal preparations were poor adjuvants, failed to induce a dermal Shwartzman reaction, and were not pyrogenic. The treponemal LPS preparations, unlike the endotoxin preparations, were not mitogenic for murine spleen cells. Differences in virulence between the two treponemal species could not be associated with the biologic activities of the respective LPS or endotoxin moieties, but the endotoxin preparations were consistently more active than the purified LPS preparations. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a molecule that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is associated with numerous biologic effects on the mammalian immune system (25). These responses include B-cell mitogenicity, polyclonal antibody induction, adjuvanticity, macrophage activation, immunogenicity, pyrogenicity, lethality, induction of tolerance, and inflammatory reactions (25, 33, 34, 39). Different extraction methods for LPS have been reported (5, 8, 24, 46). LPS, when free of contaminating protein, is extracted by the hot phenol-water method of Westphal and Jann (46). Endotoxin preparations, which consist of LPS as well as lipid A-associated protein(s), is extracted by either the trichloroacetic acid methods of Boivin and Mesrobeanu (5) and Staub (36) or the butanol-water method of Morrison and Leive (24). Endotoxin possesses all of the aforementioned biologic activities and the ability to stimulate lymphoreticular cells from LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice (10, 45). This stimulation has been shown to reside with the protein moieties that are associated with endotoxin (10, 23, 25). In comparison with the LPS from Escherichia coli, there are numerous gram-negative organisms which have LPS with various chemical and biologic characteristics (12, 31, 35). These differences include the inability to detect the presence of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) (9), differences in fatty acid composition ...

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“…This medium has subsequently become a useful diagnostic tool (Kinyon et al, 1976). It is also possible to differentiate T. innocens from T. hyodysenteriae on the basis of lipid components (Matthews et al, 1980),…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic response of swine to solubilized outer envelope components of Treponema hyodysenteriae

Peterson

¹

0

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Brachyspira

Stanton

¹

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

0

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Bra.chy.spi'ra. Gr. adj. brachys short; L. fem. n. spira a coil, spiral; N.L. fem. n. Brachyspira a short spiral, describing a bacterium that resembles a short spiral. Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Brachyspiraceae / Brachyspira Brachyspira spirochetes are helical shaped bacteria with regular coiling patterns . Cells measure 2–11 µm by 0.2–0.4 µm. Unicellular, but dividing pairs and occasional chains of three or more cells can be observed in growing cultures. Under unfavorable growth conditions, spherical or round bodies are formed. Gram‐stain negative. Obligately anaerobic, aerotolerant . Cell ends may be blunt or pointed. Cells have a typical spirochete cell ultrastructure, consisting of an outer sheath, helical protoplasmic cylinder, and internal flagella in the space between the protoplasmic cylinder and outer sheath. Brachyspire cells have 8–30 flagella per cell depending on the species (flagellar number usually correlates with cell size and species of smaller cells have fewer flagella). Flagella attach subterminally in equal numbers at each cell end, wrap around the protoplasmic cylinder, and their free ends overlap in the middle of the cells. Flexing and creeping motility at 22°C; translational movement in liquids at 37–42°C. Cultured anaerobically on commercially available media (trypticase soy or brain heart infusion broths) containing a carbohydrate growth substrate and supplemented with defibrinated blood or animal (calf) serum. Grows at 36–42°C, optimally at 37–39°C. Population doubling times on glucose in broth cultures are 1–5 h (not reported for Brachyspira aalborgi ). Chemoorganotrophic, using various carbohydrates for growth. Possess NADH oxidase for reducing molecular oxygen. Consume oxygen during growth in culture broth beneath a 1 % oxygen atmosphere. Acetate, butyrate, H 2 , and CO 2 are major endproducts of glucose metabolism. Higher amounts of H 2 than CO 2 are produced . Weakly hemolytic except for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae which exhibits β‐hemolysis (strongly hemolytic). Associated with animal and human hosts. Some species are pathogenic. The genus Brachyspira is distinguished from other spirochete genera based on 16S rRNA gene sequences . Brachyspira species share high 16S rRNA sequence similarity with each other. Species can be differentiated by DNA–DNA relative reassociation and MLEE (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) analyses. Similar to other spirochete genera, Brachyspira is insensitive to the antibiotic rifampin. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 24.5–27.1 ( T m ). Type species : Brachyspira aalborgi Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1 9 8 3, 896 VP (Effective publication: Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1982, 1135 VP .).

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Treponema innocens lipids and further description of an unusual galactolipid of Treponema hyodysenteriae

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of the biological responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens

Comparison of the biological responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens

Immunologic response of swine to solubilized outer envelope components of Treponema hyodysenteriae

Brachyspira

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