“…Recent years, the defected ground structure (DGS) 1 has attracted more and more research interest due to the wide applications at microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz bands. For example, it can be used to improve the electromagnetic wave manipulating performances of passive and active microwave/millimeter-wave components, including the high-performance antenna, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] filter, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] transmission line, 23 power division network, 24 wireless power transfer, 25 oscillator, 26 and low noise amplifier. 27 Specifically, for antenna application, circular dumbbell-shaped DGS is used to contribute additional resonance and miniaturize the antenna size, 2 full-length resonant-type and asymmetric DGS can reduce the cross-polarized radiation, 3,4,9 Fractal DGS can reduce the mutual coupling of coplanar spaced microstrip antenna elements 5 and also generate circularly polarized radiation, 6 S-shaped DGS is used to achieve the ultra-wideband antenna with multiple band-rejection properties, 7 and Г-shaped DGS can be used to improve the impedance matching property for the magnetoelectric dipole antenna.…”