Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer

Abstract

Current methods for the early diagnosis of cancer can be invasive and costly. In recent years, exosomes have been recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. The common methods for quantitative detection of exosomes, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry, rely on large-scale instruments and complex operation, with results not specific for cancer. Herein, we present a tri-channel electrochemical immunobiosensor for enzyme-free and label-free detecting carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra21-1) from exosomes for specific early diagnosis of lung cancer. The electrochemical immunobiosensor showed good selectivity and stability. Under optimum experimental conditions, the linear ranges were from 10−3 to 10 ng/mL for CEA, 10−4 to 102 ng/mL for NSE, and 10−3 to 102 ng/mL for Cyfra21-1, and a detection limit down to 10−4 ng/mL was achieved. Furthermore, we performed exosome analysis in three kinds of lung cancer. The results showed a distinct expression level of exosomal markers in different types. These works provide insight into a promising alternative for the quantification of exosomal markers in specific diseases in the following clinical bioassays.

Investigation on submicron particle separation and deflection using tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics

“…The plasma samples were centrifuged at 10000 g for 30 min to remove cells, cell fragments, and large vesicles and then diluted with PBS buffer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were applied to characterize the morphology and concentration of the exosomes, respectively, and the detail can be found in our previous work [ 59 ].…”

Development of optical and electrochemical immunodevices for dengue virus detection

“…Repeatability assessment involved testing the analytical response of each sensor a minimum of three times within a single day. 34,35 The storage period for the assessment of sensor system stability was 24 hours, conducted under optimal storage conditions with the temperature maintained between 4 and 5 °C. Furthermore, the immunosensor's performance was evaluated by computing the relative variation of R CT (DR CT ) using the following equation.…”

Nanomaterials for Molecular Detection and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

“…An electrochemical biosensor is a device that detects biomarkers by converting molecular interactions into electronic readout signals [ 85 , 86 ]. They have been widely used for EV detection [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Nanomaterials have been used in electrochemical detection systems to improve the signal readout [ 94 , 95 , 96 ].…”