Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cucumber, Tomato, Pumpkin, and Carrot Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, and carrot seed oils were analyzed using ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS). A total of 36, 42, 39, and 27 different TAGs were characterized based on their Q-TOF MS accurate molecular weight and MS2 fragment ion profiles in the cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, and carrot seed oils, respectively. Generally, different vegetable seed oils had different TAGs compositions. Among the identified fatty acids, linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in cucumber, tomato, and pumpkin seed oils and the second most abundant in carrot seed oil with relative concentrations of 54.48, 48.69, 45.10, and 15.92 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Oleic acid has the highest concentration in carrot seed oil and the second highest in cucumber, tomato, and pumpkin seed oils, with relative concentrations of 78.97, 18.57, 27.16, and 33.39 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. The chemical compositions of TAGs and fatty acids could promote understanding about the chemical profiles of certain vegetable seed oils, thus improving the potential ability to select appropriate oils with specific functions and a high nutritional value and then develop functional foods in the future.

Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids

“…Moreover, research has identified also other kinds of vegetable oils that could represent a suitable source of healthy lipids. These includes oils derived from cucumber, tomato, pumpkin or carrot seeds, which contain different profiles of FAs; for instance, OA is largely contained in carrot seed oil (78.97 g/100 g of total FAs) [31].…”

Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry and Cranberry Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

“…All the five seed oil samples were prepared based on our previous published methods [26][27][28][29]. One aliquot of 10 µL of each berry seed oil sample was mixed with 990 µL of acetonitrile/methanol/isopropanol (10:9:1, v/v/v), vortex-mixed for 20 s and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min at an ambient temperature.…”

“…The conditions of UPC 2 -Q TOF MS were set according to a previously reported laboratory procedure [26][27][28][29]. Waters Acquity UPC 2 system (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with an Acquity UPC 2 BEH HSS C18 column (150 mm × 3.0 mm i.d.…”

“…Fatty acid compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were determined according to a previously reported laboratory protocol [26][27][28][29]. One aliquot of 20 mg of each berry seed oil sample was mixed with 0.4 mL of methylbenzene and 0.4 mL of KOH-MeOH (0.5 mol/L).…”

Oils and Bioactive Lipids: Quality, Stability, and Functionality

“…The first paper (Li et al [1]) discusses the quality and characterization of oils, by analyzing cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, and carrot seed oils with ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2), combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS). They reported the presence of 36, 42, 39, and 27 different TAGs; a relevant finding, as it was the first time most of them were identified in these oils.…”