Trial of a Supplemental Dose of Four Poliovirus Vaccines

Abstract

A supplemental dose of IPV has excellent immunogenicity and leads to increases in the titer of antibodies against type 3 poliovirus, whereas supplemental doses of the oral vaccines do not have these effects.

Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

“…The study also demonstrated that higher humoral antibody titers are associated with decreased challenge virus excretion, as has been shown previously (4,19,27). bOPV increased antibody titers to poliovirus type 2, presumably because of boosting of cross-reacting neutralizing antibodies (31), since we did not isolate poliovirus type 2 from any stool samples.…”

“…Although IPV administered after OPV effectively closes the humoral immunity gaps (2,18,19), its effect on intestinal mucosal immunity is lesswell characterized. Because mucosal immunity appears to wane rapidly (13), we initiated a trial in Northern India to assess whether IPV could boost mucosal immunity.…”

“…Although IPV reliably induces humoral immunity (18)(19)(20) that is highly efficacious in preventing paralytic poliomyelitis (21,22), the ability of IPV alone to induce intestinal mucosal immunity is limited (23,24). Studies in countries that do not use OPV show that >90% of IPVvaccinated children excrete challenge poliovirus (25,26).…”

“…Studies in countries that do not use OPV show that >90% of IPVvaccinated children excrete challenge poliovirus (25,26). Limited data are available on IPV effectiveness in boosting intestinal mucosal immunity in children with a history of multiple doses of OPV (19,27,28). Live virus contact to mucosal surfaces appears necessary to induce a specific secretory immunoglobulin A response (29,30).…”

Seroprevalence and vaccination coverage of vaccine-preventable diseases in perinatally HIV-1-infected patients

“…Lower antibody levels to poliovirus type 3 in comparison with types 1 and 2 have been reported previously in HIV-infected 28 and HIV-uninfected children. [28][29][30] In conclusion, this study underlines the optimization of selective strategies as the must for improving serological testing, in order to identify susceptible individuals. Therefore they are to be protected by supplementary strategies for booster doses, according to aligned schedules in terms of timing and number of vaccine doses.…”