Tribo-performance Analysis of an Agro-Waste-Filled Epoxy Composites Using Finite Element Method

In the present investigation, a steel industry waste Linz–Donawitz (LD) sludge was added in different proportions with a polypropylene (PP) matrix and composite specimens were manufactured using the hand layup method. Experiments were performed to study the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear properties of the PP–LD sludge composites. This investigation also includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x‐ray diffraction analysis of filler and composites. The erosion wear tests were carried out by Taguchi's experimental array design, where the effect of five control factors (impingement angle, filler content, erodent size, impact velocity, and erodent temperature) on erosion rate was analyzed. It was observed that filler content is the most influencing factor affecting were rate of the composites. At the maximum filler content of 20 wt%, the compressive strength and hardness increased to 85.71 MPa and 0.643 GPa, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites marginally decreased by 12.97% with the addition of 20 wt% filler. It was further observed that the flexural strength of the neat polymer decreased from 29.23 to 22.98 MPa with the addition of 20 wt% LD sludge. The SEM pictures of the eroded surface exhibited that the material removal is due to micro cracking and crack propagation.Highlights In this study, an industrial waste (LD sludge) is successfully used as a potential filler material in the PP matrix. Physical and mechanical properties of the PP‐LD sludge composites are analyzed. Effects of different parameters like filler content, impact velocity, impingement angle, erodent size and erodent temperature on the wear behavior are studied. Scanning electron microscopy is carried out so that a micro‐examination of the surfaces can be performed, as well as an assessment of the wear derbies.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and erosion wear analysis of polypropylene/Linz‐Donawitz sludge composites

Gupta

Purohit²,

Agrawal

2023

“…To mitigate these issues, micro-or nano-scale filler materials are added to fiber-reinforced composites. 7 In recent years, many studies [8][9][10][11][12][13] have aimed to improve the mechanical properties as well as impact resistance, wear resistance, electrical, and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced polymers by incorporating different types of fillers. 14 Wear is typically defined as damage involving material loss due to relative motion between two contacting surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak interfacial bonds in FRPCs can lead to high porosity, crack formation, and stress concentration. To mitigate these issues, micro‐ or nano‐scale filler materials are added to fiber‐reinforced composites 7 . In recent years, many studies 8–13 have aimed to improve the mechanical properties as well as impact resistance, wear resistance, electrical, and thermal properties of fiber‐reinforced polymers by incorporating different types of fillers 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and mechanical properties of nanofilled glass fiber reinforced composites and analyzing the tribological behavior using artificial neural networks

Demir,

Cetkin,

Ergün

et al. 2024

This study investigates the effects of filler content and type on the mechanical (tensile strength and impact resistance) and tribological properties of woven glass fiber‐reinforced composites (WGFC) produced using three different nanofillers (MgO, CuO, and Al2O3) at various loading levels (0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 wt%). Additionally, analyses of the artificial neural network algorithm were reported for the predictions of wear rate, mass loss, and coefficient of friction (COF) by given applied load, sliding distance, filler ratio, and filler type. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay‐up method. The filled composites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the worn surfaces of the samples after the wear test were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The wear resistance of the composite samples improved at 0.7 wt% CuO and 1.4 wt% MgO filler contents. At 200 m sliding distance and 1.4 wt% filler ratio, the highest wear ratio was determined as 55 mm3/m × 10−3 in the Al2O3‐filled composite, and the lowest was determined as 31 mm3/m × 10−3 in the MgO‐filled composite. At 1.4% filler ratio and 15 N load, the lowest friction coefficient was determined as 0.45 μ in MgO‐filled composite, and the highest was 0.56 μ in Al2O3‐filled composite. Al2O3 filler increased the mass loss and wear rate of the composite material. In Charpy impact tests, the maximum impact energy of 13.9 J/m2 was obtained with a 2.8 wt% Al2O3 filler content. Tensile tests showed an increase in tensile strength for all filler contents compared to unfilled composites. The highest tensile strength of 242.1 MPa was achieved with 0.7 wt% CuO reinforcement.Highlights In all applied wear parameters and filler ratios, the Al2O3 filler adversely affected the wear resistance of the composite, while the MgO filler showed the best performance in terms of wear resistance. All types and ratios of fillers increased the tensile strength compared to the unfilled composite. Contrary to its negative effect on wear, the Al2O3‐filled composites exhibited the highest impact resistance. The prediction analysis of the tribological behavior of composite material using ANN reveals that the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm fits very well.

“…However, a significant amount of these fillers is discarded as waste, which increases environment pollution 1,10,11 . Date palm leaf, 12 ficus benghalensis, 13 walnut shell, 14 and coconut shell 15 are several examples of materials that meet these criteria and currently are being investigated for their potential for use. Some studies have examined the effect of the size of specific added natural materials on the properties of the materials 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the mechanical characteristics of natural particle‐reinforced glass and epoxy composites after immersion in acidic and basic aging solutions

Kandas,

Ozdemir

2023

This study aimed to ascertain the alterations in aging responses of fiber‐reinforced composites, as well as the effects of their natural particle reinforcement, through exposure to acidic and alkaline solutions. Specimens were produced with 0 wt. % (neat), 1 wt. %, 2 wt. % and 3 wt. % particle ratios from acorn and pinecone particles. A particle content of 2 wt. % was determined to yield the best mechanical properties in all mechanical tests conducted for pinecone reinforcement. The highest improvement in strength, observed in 3 wt. % pinecone‐reinforced composites, reached 22.5% at flexural strength. HCl and NaOH diluted in water were chosen as aging solutions. Mechanical tests were repeated at different stages of aging. According to the findings, 1 wt. % particle‐reinforced composites showed better resilience to the mechanical property reduction effect of aging compared to the 2 wt. % and 3 wt. % particle‐reinforced composites. At a particle ratio of 2 wt. %, the acorn‐reinforced specimens exhibit their highest maximum penetration force, which is 5% higher than that of the 0 wt. % composite, consistent with the results of tensile and compressive tests.Highlights Composite material was manufactured by hand lay‐up and vacuum bagging method. Specimens were aged using acid and base solutions. Tensile, compressive, and bending results were obtained depending on particle type and ratio. Tensile, compressive, and bending strengths of composites were compared according to various aging times.