Trichinella spiralis prevalence among wildlife of a boreal region rapidly reduced in the absence of spillover from the domestic cycle

Oksanen, Antti; Interisano, Maria; Isomursu, Marja; Heikkinen, Petra; Tonanzi, Daniele; Oivanen, Leena; Pozio, Edoardo

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.002

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to the International Trichinella Reference Centre (EP, unpublished data), T. spiralis has been detected in 1153 (80.9%) domestic pigs and 1468 (55.7%) wild boar, T. britovi in 270 (18.9%) domestic pigs and 1119 (42.4%) wild boar, and T. pseudospiralis in two (0.1%) domestic pigs and 49 (1.8%) wild boar. These data confirm the results of epidemiological investigations carried out in Europe, where these three Trichinella species coexist [15][16][17][18][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The longer survival of T. spiralis in domestic pigs compared to the other two species highlights the exceptional dissemination potential conferred on T. spiralis by its association with domesticated swine and the maintenance of the domestic cycle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

et al. 2020

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Background Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections. Methods Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens. Results Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T. spiralis at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by T. britovi-infected pigs was similar to that of T. spiralis-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of T. pseudospiralis was slightly greater than for T. britovi at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in T. britovi-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i. Conclusions The longer survival of T. spiralis in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

et al. 2020

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“…One explanation is the time elapsed between identifying the infected pig and the trapping of the rodents, which varied from a week to several months. This agrees with the finding that the prevalence in free-range mammals decreases after controlling Trichinella in domestic pigs (Hill et al, 2010;Oksanen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Survey of Trichinella in American minks (Neovison vison Schreber, 1777) and wild rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) in Chile

Espinoza-Rojas

Lobos-Chávez

Fuente

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Trichinellosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution (Korhonen et al., 2016) with several outbreaks reported yearly (Caron et al., 2020;Ducrocq et al., 2020;Ribicich et al., 2020). This disease is mainly associated with cultural factors, especially the household slaughter of pigs without veterinary inspection (Pozio, 2014), a situation that is entrenched and difficult to eradicate. Thus, the knowledge of the cycle can give epidemiological information of this zoonosis and may allow us to suggest measures for reducing the incidence.Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835 is the most widespread species of the genus and presents both domestic and sylvatic cycles. The domestic cycle includes pigs (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758), rats (Rattus spp.), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) and cats (Felis silvestris catus Schreber, 1775), and the sylvatic cycle includes wild and feral carnivore and omnivore mammals (

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“…Statistical analysis was performed in R (https://www.rproject.org/) (R Development Core Team, 2013) with OTU tables obtained in Mothur using the package Vegan (Oksanen 2018). Data visualization was performed in Rstudio (RStudio Team 2015) using the package ggplot2 (Wickham 2016).…”

Section: S Rrna Gene Amplicon Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community composition and functional potential in Bothnian Sea sediments is linked to Fe and S dynamics and the quality of organic matter

Rasigraf

Helmond

Frank

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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The Bothnian Sea is an oligotrophic brackish basin characterized by low salinity and high concentrations of reactive iron, methane, and ammonium in its sediments, enabling the activity and interactions of many microbial guilds. Here, we studied the microbial network in these sediments by analyzing geochemical and microbial community depth profiles at one offshore and two near coastal sites. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed a distinct depth stratification of both archaeal and bacterial taxa. The microbial communities at the two near coastal sites were more similar to each other than the offshore site, which is likely due to differences in the quality and rate of organic matter degradation. The abundance of methanotrophic archaea of the ANME-2a clade was shown to be related to the presence of methane and varied with sediment iron content. Metagenomic sequencing of sediment-derived DNA from below the sulfate-methane transition zone revealed a broad potential for respiratory sulfur metabolism via partially reduced sulfur species. The potential for nitrogen cycling was dominated by reductive processes via a truncated denitrification pathway encoded exclusively by bacterial lineages. Gene-centric fermentative metabolism analysis indicated a potential importance for acetate, formate, alcohol, and hydrogen metabolism. Methanogenic/-trophic pathways were dominated by Methanosaetaceae, Methanosarcinaceae, Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanoregulaceae, and ANME-2 archaea. Our results indicated flexible metabolic capabilities of core microbial community taxa, which could adapt to changing redox conditions, and with a spatial and depth distribution that is likely governed by the quality and input of available organic substrates and, for ANME-2, of iron oxides.

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Trichinella spiralis prevalence among wildlife of a boreal region rapidly reduced in the absence of spillover from the domestic cycle

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

Survey of Trichinella in American minks (Neovison vison Schreber, 1777) and wild rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) in Chile

Microbial community composition and functional potential in Bothnian Sea sediments is linked to Fe and S dynamics and the quality of organic matter

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